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Table 2 Crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression modeling the odds of caesarean section, Sudan MICS 2014 (unweighted n = 5589)

From: Caesarean section in Sudan: findings from nationwide household surveys on rates, trends, and geographic and sociodemographic variability

 

Crude analysis

Adjusted analysis

OR % (95% CI)

p-value*

aOR % (95% CI)

p-value*

Area of residence

 

< 0.001

 

0.368

 Rural (Reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Urban

2.3 (1.71,3.21)

< 0.001

1.18 (0.82,1.69)

0.368

Region

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 Khartoum (Reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Northern

1.30 (0.81,2.00)

0.230

1.71 (1.05,2.79)

0.032

 Eastern

0.21 (0.11,0.41)

0.000

0.58 (0.34,1.01)

0.055

 Central

0.50 (0.31,0.70)

0.001

0.96 (0.58,1.59)

0.878

 Kordofan

0.21 (0.11,0.31)

0.000

0.53 (0.30,0.96)

0.035

 Darfur

0.11 (0.11,0.21)

0.000

0.31 (0.17,0.57)

< 0.001

Wealth index categories

 

< 0.001

 

0.650

 Richer (Reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Middle

0.33 (0.22,0.48)

< 0.001

0.82 (0.53,1.26)

0.360

 Poorer

0.14 (0.10,0.20)

< 0.001

0.87 (0.53,1.43)

0.569

Maternal age in years

 

0.041

 

< 0.001

 15–24 (Reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 25–34

1.21 (0.90,1.61)

0.311

1.42 (1.01,1.99)

0.042

 35+

1.61 (1.11,2.30)

0.013

2.75 (1.71,4.43)

< 0.001

Mother’s education

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 None (Reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Primary

2.71 (1.90,3.80)

< 0.001

1.67 (1.17,2.37)

0.004

 Secondary+

9.81 (6.91,14.00)

< 0.001

3.3 (2.21,4.93)

< 0.001

Number of times received antenatal care

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 0 (Reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 1–3

2.91 (1.40,6.00)

 

1.81 (0.86,3.81)

0.119

 4+

10.2 (5.20,19.9)

 

4.42 (2.14,9.14)

< 0.001

Child birth-order

 

< 0.001

 

0.002

 1 (Reference)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 2–3

1.00 (0.7,1.3)

0.834

1.01 (0.69,1.48)

0.966

 4–6

0.50 (0.41,0.70)

0.000

0.52 (0.33,0.83)

0.006

 7+

0.41 (0.31,0.70)

0.002

0.49 (0.26,0.94)

0.032

Previous birth interval

 

0.009

  

 First birth (Reference)

1.00

   

  < 2 years

0.61 (0.41,0.81)

0.001

  

 2 years

0.61 (0.41,0.9)

0.004

  

 3 years

0.81 (0.5,1.21)

0.204

  

 4+ years

0.81 (0.5,1.11)

0.163

  

Child’s sex

 

0.372

  

 Male (Reference)

1.00

   

 Female

0.9 (0.7,1.11)

0.372

  

Size of child at birth

 

0.049

  

 Larger than average (Reference)

1.00

   

 Average

1.11 (0.70,1.50)

0.729

  

 Smaller than average

0.70 (0.50,1.11)

0.125

  
  1. *p-values in bold font are global Wald test p-values
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