Table 5 Multivariable regression analysis of factors associated with caesarean deliveries among women in sub-Saharan Africa
Variables | Pooled AOR [95% CI] | Rural AOR [95% CI] | Urban AOR [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex of child | |||
Male | 1[1.00,1.00] | 1[1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Female | 0.87*** [0.82,0.92] | 0.89** [0.82,0.97] | 0.85*** [0.78,0.93] |
Twin status | |||
Single birth | 1[1.00,1.00] | 1[1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Multiple birth | 3.74*** [3.23,4.34] | 4.06*** [3.36,4.92] | 3.52*** [2.83,4.39] |
Mother’s self-reported size of child at birth | |||
Large | 1[1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Average | 0.71*** [0.67,0.76] | 0.68*** [0.62,0.75] | 0.74*** [0.67,0.81] |
Smaller | 1.01 [0.92,1.10] | 0.86* [0.76,0.99] | 1.15* [1.01,1.31] |
Mother’s age (years) | |||
15–19 | 1[1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
20–24 | 1.18* [1.01,1.37] | 1.25* [1.04,1.51] | 1.13 [0.87,1.47] |
25–29 | 1.73*** [1.47,2.02] | 1.67*** [1.37,2.04] | 1.90*** [1.46,2.46] |
30–34 | 2.35*** [1.98,2.79] | 2.26*** [1.80,2.84] | 2.61*** [1.99,3.42] |
35–39 | 3.48*** [2.91,4.16] | 2.84*** [2.24,3.61] | 4.22*** [3.19,5.59] |
40–44 | 3.43*** [2.81,4.19] | 3.00*** [2.30,3.91] | 4.03*** [2.95,5.50] |
45–49 | 4.17*** [3.22,5.40] | 3.11*** [2.21,4.36] | 5.99*** [4.01,8.93] |
Maternal educational level | |||
No education | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Primary | 1.18*** [1.07,1.31] | 1.22** [1.07,1.39] | 1.04 [0.89,1.22] |
Secondary | 1.11 [0.99,1.25] | 1.17 [1.00,1.37] | 0.97 [0.82,1.15] |
Higher | 1.53*** [1.30,1.79] | 1.31 [0.99,1.74] | 1.41** [1.15,1.74] |
Current working status | |||
No | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Yes | 0.97 [0.91,1.04] | 0.95 [0.86,1.04] | 0.98 [0.89,1.09] |
Antenatal care attendance | |||
None | 1[1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
1–3 | 2.95*** [2.34,3.72] | 3.33*** [2.54,4.37] | 2.07*** [1.37,3.12] |
4 or more | 3.97*** [3.14,5.02] | 4.49*** [3.42,5.89] | 2.71*** [1.80,4.11] |
Marital status | |||
Married | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Cohabiting | 1.03 [0.95,1.12] | 1.15* [1.02,1.30] | 0.93 [0.83,1.05] |
Religion | |||
No religion/others | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Christianity | 1.03 [0.84,1.25] | 1.18 [0.91,1.53] | 0.90 [0.68,1.20] |
Islamic | 0.79* [0.65,0.98] | 0.85 [0.65,1.13] | 0.68* [0.51,0.93] |
African Traditional | 1.01 [0.74,1.37] | 1.20 [0.83,1.74] | 0.88 [0.48,1.59] |
Parity | |||
1 birth | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
2 births | 0.62*** [0.56,0.68] | 0.61*** [0.54,0.70] | 0.61*** [0.54,0.69] |
3 births | 0.45*** [0.40,0.50] | 0.45*** [0.39,0.52] | 0.43*** [0.37,0.51] |
Four or more births | 0.27*** [0.24,0.30] | 0.25*** [0.21,0.29] | 0.29*** [0.25,0.34] |
National health insurance subscription | |||
No | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Yes | 1.58*** [1.44,1.73] | 1.65*** [1.41,1.94] | 1.56*** [1.39,1.75] |
Partner educational level | |||
No education | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Primary | 1.26*** [1.14,1.41] | 1.20** [1.05,1.37] | 1.30** [1.09,1.54] |
Secondary | 1.22*** [1.09,1.36] | 1.21** [1.05,1.39] | 1.14 [0.97,1.33] |
Higher | 1.28*** [1.12,1.47] | 1.42** [1.15,1.76] | 1.17 [0.98,1.41] |
Person who usually decides on respondent’s health care | |||
Respondent alone | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Respondent and partner | 0.97 [0.88,1.07] | 0.83** [0.73,0.95] | 1.08 [0.94,1.24] |
Partner alone | 0.89* [0.80,0.98] | 0.80** [0.70,0.92] | 0.95 [0.81,1.10] |
Someone else or other | 0.95 [0.62,1.44] | 0.70 [0.42,1.17] | 1.19 [0.58,2.43] |
Person who usually decides on large household purchases | |||
Respondent alone | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Respondent and partner | 0.94 [0.84,1.04] | 1.06 [0.91,1.25] | 0.88 [0.76,1.01] |
Partner alone | 0.93 [0.83,1.04] | 0.98 [0.84,1.14] | 0.92 [0.79,1.07] |
Someone else or other | 0.70 [0.49,1.00] | 0.96 [0.59,1.55] | 0.52* [0.30,0.91] |
Person who usually decides on visits to family or relatives | |||
Respondent alone | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Respondent and partner | 1.02 [0.92,1.12] | 1.12 [0.98,1.28] | 0.96 [0.84,1.09] |
Partner alone | 1.01 [0.91,1.12] | 1.08 [0.94,1.23] | 0.97 [0.83,1.13] |
Someone else or other | 1.09 [0.74,1.61] | 1.61* [1.03,2.52] | 0.58 [0.27,1.26] |
Sex of household head | |||
Male | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Female | 1.11* [1.02,1.20] | 1.07 [0.96,1.20] | 1.12 [0.99,1.27] |
Frequency of watching television | |||
Not at all | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Less than once a week | 1.09 [0.98,1.21] | 1.03 [0.89,1.18] | 1.05 [0.90,1.24] |
At least once a week | 1.13** [1.03,1.24] | 1.14* [1.00,1.30] | 1.05 [0.93,1.20] |
Frequency of listening radio | |||
Not at all | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Less than once a week | 1.07 [0.98,1.17] | 1.06 [0.94,1.20] | 1.07 [0.94,1.22] |
At least once a week | 1.09* [1.01,1.18] | 1.16** [1.04,1.29] | 1.05 [0.94,1.17] |
Frequency of reading newspaper/magazine | |||
Not at all | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Less than once a week | 1.10 [0.99,1.21] | 1.00 [0.85,1.17] | 1.15* [1.02,1.30] |
At least once a week | 1.21** [1.08,1.35] | 1.28* [1.06,1.55] | 1.23** [1.07,1.41] |
Wealth index | |||
Poorest | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] | 1 [1.00,1.00] |
Poorer | 1.23*** [1.10,1.38] | 1.17** [1.05,1.34] | 1.33 [0.94,1.88] |
Middle | 1.55*** [1.39,1.74] | 1.48*** [1.31,1.68] | 1.53** [1.12,2.08] |
Richer | 2.07*** [1.84,2.33] | 1.85*** [1.61,2.13] | 2.02*** [1.50,2.72] |
Richest | 2.97*** [2.62,3.36] | 2.58*** [2.17,3.07] | 2.83*** [2.11,3.80] |