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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Safety and efficacy of double-balloon catheter for cervical ripening: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Author, year

Country

Groups

Numbers

Age (years)

Nulliparity (%)

Gestational age (weeks)

Balloon volume (mL)

Misoprostol dose

Outcomes

Wing, 1997 [12]

USA

Dinoprostone

98

NR

42.9

39.2 ± 2.3

-

-

⑫⑬

Vaginal misoprostol

99

NR

48.5

39.5 ± 2.4

25 mcg every 4 h up to 6 doses

Bennett, 1998 [13]

Canada

Vaginal misoprostol

102

28.7 ± 4.9

72.5

40.6 ± 1.2

-

50 mcg every 4 h up to 5 doses

⑪⑫

Oral misoprostol

104

27.5 ± 5.0

66.3

40.8 ± 1.1

50 mcg every 4 h up to 9 doses

Wing, 1999 [14]

USA

Oral misoprostol

110

NR

48.2

39.2 ± 1.7

-

50 mcg every 4 h up to 6 doses

⑪⑫⑬

Vaginal misoprostol

110

NR

48.2

38.6 ± 2.0

25 mcg every 4 h up to 6 doses

Fisher, 2001 [15]

Canada

Vaginal misoprostol

64

27.0 ± 4.5

56.2

41.0 ± 2.3

-

50 mcg every 3 h up to 48 h

Oral misoprostol

62

27.0 ± 6.0

64.5

41.0 ± 1.5

50 mcg every 6 h up to 48 h

Khoury, 2001 [16]

USA

Dinoprostone

39

28.1 ± 7.0

59.0

39.9 ± 1.4

-

-

⑪⑫⑬

Vaginal misoprostol

79

29.7 ± 6.3

62.0

40.0 ± 1.2

35 mcg every 4.5 h up to 6 doses or 50 mcg every 4.5 h up to 6 doses

Kwon, 2001 [17]

Canada

Oral misoprostol

78

27.2 ± 5.4

56.4

40.3 ± 1.8

-

50 mcg every 6 h up to 8 doses

Vaginal misoprostol

82

27.6 ± 5.1

52.4

40.3 ± 1.7

50 mcg every 6 h up to 8 doses

Sciscione, 2001 [18]

USA

Foley catheter

58

25.1 ± 6.9

70.6

 > 28

30 mL

-

Vaginal misoprostol

53

25.9 ± 6.9

71.7

 > 28

-

50 mcg every 4 h up to 6 doses

Shetty, 2001 [19]

UK

Oral misoprostol

122

28.0 ± 6.8

59.8

41.0 ± 1.3

-

50 mcg every 4 h up to 5 doses

Vaginal misoprostol

123

28.0 ± 7.8

61.8

41.0 ± 1.3

50 mcg every 4 h up to 5 doses

le Roux, 2002 [20]

South Africa

Vaginal misoprostol

120

27.9 (mean)

43.3

39 (mean)

-

50 mcg every 6 h up to 4 doses

Oral misoprostol

120

28.1 (mean)

36.0

38.3 (mean)

50 mcg every 6 h up to 4 doses

Dinoprostone

240

27.6 (mean)

42.0

39 (mean)

-

Chung, 2003 [21]

USA

Vaginal misoprostol

49

26.3 ± 6.8

67.3

39.8 ± 2.3

-

25 mcg every 3 h up to 6 doses

⑩⑫⑬

Foley catheter

54

26.5 ± 6.0

61.1

40.0 ± 2.1

30 mL

-

Nopdonrattakoon, 2003 [22]

Thailand

Oral misoprostol

53

24.9 ± 5.5

NR

39.0 ± 1.0

-

50 mcg every 4 h up to 6 doses

Vaginal misoprostol

53

25.3 ± 5.5

NR

39.1 ± 1.1

50 mcg every 4 h up to 6 doses

Ramsey, 2003 [23]

USA

Dinoprostone

38

26.7 ± 3.6

NR

39.3 ± 1.3

-

-

⑩⑬

Vaginal misoprostol

38

27.9 ± 4.6

NR

39.3 ± 1.6

50 mcg every 6 h up to 2doses

Shetty, 2003 [24]

UK

Oral misoprostol

51

28.6 ± 6.2

56.9

40.7 ± 1.3

-

100 mcg every 4 h up to 5 doses

Vaginal misoprostol

50

28.0 ± 5.5

56.0

40.9 ± 1.1

25 mcg every 4 h up to 5 doses

Paungmora, 2004 [25]

Thailand

Oral misoprostol

75

29.1 ± 4.9

78.7

41.0 ± 1.3

-

100 mcg every 6 h up to 8 doses

⑩⑬

Vaginal misoprostol

76

28.2 ± 4.7

73.7

40.5 ± 1.0

50 mcg every 6 h up to 8 doses

Rozenberg, 2004 [26]

France

Vaginal misoprostol

70

29.0 ± 5.2

62.9

41.3 ± 1.6

-

50 mcg every 6 h up to 1 dose in the first day and 50 mcg every 4 h up to 3 doses in the second day

⑩⑪⑫⑬

Dinoprostone

70

29.0 ± 3.7

67.1

41.4 ± 2.1

 

Adeniji, 2005 [27]

Nigeria

Vaginal misoprostol

50

30.2 ± 3.5

52.0

39.9 ± 1.7

-

50 mcg every 6 h up to 4 doses

⑫⑬

Foley catheter

46

30.5 ± 3.8

43.5

40.2 ± 1.3

30 mL

-

Afolabi, 2005 [28]

Nigeria

Vaginal misoprostol

29

NR

44.8

NR

-

100 mcg once

Foley catheter

28

NR

46.2

NR

30 mL

-

Gelisen, 2005 [29]

Turkey

Vaginal misoprostol

100

25.9 ± 5.9

46.0

41.0 (mean)

-

50 mcg every 6 h up to 4 doses

⑪⑫⑬

Foley catheter

100

24.4 ± 4.1

47.0

41.0 (mean)

50 mL

-

Owolabi, 2005 [30]

Nigeria

Vaginal misoprostol

60

29.6 ± 0.8

19.0

40.7 ± 0.2

-

50 mcg every 6 h up to 2 doses

⑩⑪⑫⑬

Foley catheter

60

31.1 ± 0.8

22.8

40.3 ± 0.3

30 mL

-

Ayaz, 2009 [31]

Saudi Arabia

Oral misoprostol

44

34.3 (mean)

NR

NR

-

50 mcg every 4 h up to 4 doses

⑪⑫⑬

Vaginal misoprostol

44

35.9 (mean)

NR

NR

50 mcg every 4 h up to 4 doses

Ozkan, 2009 [32]

Turkey

Vaginal misoprostol

56

NR

51.8

 > 37

-

50 mcg every 4 h up to 5 doses

⑪⑬

Dinoprostone

56

NR

57.1

 > 37

-

Pennell, 2009 [33]

Australia

Double-balloon catheter

107

27.0 ± 6.0

100.0

40.0 ± 1.5

80 mL + 80 mL

-

⑩⑪

Foley catheter

110

26.0 ± 7.0

100.0

40.0 ± 1.5

30 mL

Cromi, 2011 [34]

Italy

Foley catheter

265

32.1 ± 4.7

69.1

39.8 ± 1.9

50 mL

-

⑪⑬

Dinoprostone

132

31.0 ± 4.9

67.4

39.8 ± 2.0

-

Roudsari, 2011 [35]

Iran

Vaginal misoprostol

49

24.3 ± 4.0

NR

39.8 ± 1.4

-

25 mcg every 4 h up to 6 doses

Foley catheter

59

24.2 ± 5.0

NR

40.0 ± 0.9

50 mL

-

Salim, 2011 [36]

Israel

Foley catheter

145

28.8 ± 6.1

53.1

39.2 ± 1.4

60 mL

-

Double-balloon catheter

148

29.2 ± 5.5

52.7

39.0 ± 1.6

80 mL + 80 mL

Cromi, 2012 [37]

Italy

Double-balloon catheter

105

34.0 ± 5.8

78.1

40.4 ± 2.0

50 mL + 50 mL

-

⑩⑪⑬

Dinoprostone

103

33.0 ± 6.3

72.8

40.6 ± 2.1

-

Kandil, 2012 [38]

Egypt

Foley catheter

50

28.0 ± 3.8

100

41.3 ± 0.3

30 mL

-

Vaginal misoprostol

50

28.9 ± 4.3

100

41.4 ± 0.3

-

25 mcg every 4 h up to 4 doses

Jozwiak, 2013 [39]

Netherlands

Foley catheter

107

30.5 ± 4.0

72.0

39.1 ± 1.9

30 mL

-

⑩⑪⑫⑬

Dinoprostone

119

31.7 ± 5.2

70.0

39.8 ± 2.1

-

Ugwu, 2013 [40]

Nigeria

Foley catheter

45

28.9 ± 4.3

44.0

40.7 ± 1.5

30 mL

-

⑫⑬

Vaginal misoprostol

45

27.1 ± 4.9

42.0

40.2 ± 1.7

-

25 mcg every 4 h up to 6 doses

Edwards, 2014 [41]

USA

Foley catheter

185

28.0 ± 6.4

57.3

39.1 ± 1.4

30 mL

-

⑪⑬

Dinoprostone

191

26.9 ± 5.9

66.5

39.2 ± 1.5

-

Jozwiak, 2014 [42]

Netherlands

Foley catheter

56

31.0 ± 5.0

66.1

39.1 ± 2.2

30 mL

-

⑩⑪⑬

Vaginal misoprostol

64

32.3 ± 5.2

64.1

39.8 ± 2.1

-

25 mcg every 4 h up to 3 doses

Suffecool, 2014 [43]

USA

Dinoprostone

31

28.0 ± 7.1

100

40.2 ± 1.5

-

-

Double-balloon catheter

31

27.5 ± 6.4

100

40.9 ± 1.1

80 mL + 80 mL

Wang, 2014 [44]

China

Double-balloon catheter

67

27.9 ± 3.9

100

39.3 ± 2.1

80 mL + 80 mL

-

⑩⑪⑬

Dinoprostone

59

27.8 ± 3.4

100

39.0 ± 1.3

-

Chavakula, 2015 [45]

India

Vaginal misoprostol

46

25.1 ± 4.7

69.6

37.8 ± 1.2

-

25 mcg every 6 h up to 3 doses

⑪⑬

Foley catheter

54

24.3 ± 3.9

63.0

37.7 ± 1.1

30 mL

-

Du, 2015 [46]

China

Double-balloon catheter

76

28.5 ± 4.6

89.5

40.5 ± 0.9

80 mL + 80 mL

-

⑩⑪⑫⑬

Dinoprostone

79

27.3 ± 3.3

91.1

40.6 ± 0.8

-

Ezechukwu, 2015 [47]

Nigeria

Oral misoprostol

70

27.2 ± 4.5

62.9

40.6 ± 1.5

-

50 mcg every 6 h up to 4 doses

⑩⑪⑫⑬

Vaginal misoprostol

70

28.2 ± 3.7

60.0

40.7 ± 1.6

50 mcg every 6 h up to 4 doses

Kehl, 2015 [11]

Germany

Double-balloon catheter with oral misoprostol

162

30.0 ± 6.0

53.7

40.4 ± 1.1

80 mL + 80 mL

50 mcg orally every 4 h up to 3 doses in the first 24 h then 100 mcg orally every 4 h up to 3 doses in the next 24 h and then 100 mcg vaginally every 4 h up to 3 doses

Oral misoprostol

151

30.0 ± 6.5

60.9

40.3 ± 1.1

-

50 mcg orally every 4 h up to 3 doses in the first 24 h then 100 mcg orally every 4 h up to 3 doses in the next 24 h and then 100 mcg vaginally every 4 h up to 3 doses

Noor, 2015 [48]

India

Vaginal misoprostol

60

25.1 ± 2.8

41.7

39.1 ± 1.4

-

25 mcg every 4 h up to 6 doses

Foley catheter

44

25.6 ± 4.1

31.8

39.4 ± 1.2

50 mL

-

Shechter-Maor, 2015 [49]

Israel

Dinoprostone

26

28.5 ± 5.3

50.0

40.0 ± 1.0

-

-

Double-balloon catheter

26

28.5 ± 5.0

50.0

40.0 ± 1.3

NR

Hoppe, 2016 [50]

USA

Foley catheter

48

29.9 ± 6.0

52.1

38.9 ± 2.0

30 mL

-

⑪⑬

Double-balloon catheter

50

30.7 ± 5.2

50.0

38.9 ± 2.1

80 mL + 80 mL

Sayed Ahmed, 2016 [51]

Egypt

Foley catheter

39

25.5 ± 5.1

100

40.4 ± 2.4

50 mL

-

Double-balloon catheter

39

25.7 ± 4.8

100

40.6 ± 2.4

80 mL + 80 mL

ten Eikelder, 2016 [52]

Netherlands

Oral misoprostol

924

31.7 ± 5.2

66.0

39.5 ± 2.1

-

50 mcg every 4 h up to 3 doses per day up to 4 days

⑩⑪⑫⑬

Foley catheter

921

31.4 ± 5.9

64.7

39.6 ± 2.1

30 mL

-

Yenuberi, 2016 [53]

India

Vaginal misoprostol

380

25.0 ± 4.2

69.2

39.9 ± 1.0

-

25 mcg every 4 h up to 3 doses

⑪⑬

Oral misoprostol

383

25.5 ± 3.8

71.0

39.7 ± 1.1

50 mcg for the first dose and then 100mcg every 4 h up to 3 doses totally

Somirathne, 2017 [54]

Sri Lanka

Foley catheter

89

28.8 ± 4.9

49.4

 > 40.9

60 mL

-

⑩⑬

Oral misoprostol

91

28.6 ± 5.5

50.5

 > 40.9

-

50 mcg every 4 h up to 3 doses

Leigh, 2018 [55]

India and UK

Foley catheter

300

24.0 ± 3.5

82.3

38.2 ± 2.2

30 mL

-

⑩⑪⑫⑬

Oral misoprostol

302

23.7 ± 3.1

78.1

38.1 ± 2.1

-

25 mcg every 2 h up to 12 doses

Abdi, 2021[56]

Iran

Vaginal misoprostol

60

27.4 ± 5.4

100

42.4 ± 2.1

-

25 mcg once

Foley catheter

60

29.5 ± 6.2

100

42.8 ± 4.7

30 mL

-

Digusto, 2021 [10]

France

Double-balloon catheter

607

31.1 ± 5.2

66.1

41.0 ~ 42.0

80 mL + 80 mL

-

⑩⑪⑬

Dinoprostone

609

31.3 ± 5.1

65.8

41.0 ~ 42.0

-

Slot, 2021[57]

Israel

Foley catheter

94

27.8 ± 5.1

53.2

39.8 ± 1.9

40 mL

-

Double-balloon catheter

86

27.7 ± 5.8

52.3

39.9 ± 1.4

80 mL + 80 mL

  1. mcg microgram, mL milliliter, PO Per orals, PV Per vagina
  2. cesarean delivery rate; time from intervention-to-birth; achieving vaginal delivery within 24 h; Bishop score increment; uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes; oxytocin augmentation; instrumental delivery; meconium-stained amniotic fluid; Chorioamnionitis; ⑩postpartum hemorrhage; ⑪Apgar score < 7 in 5 min; ⑫Apgar score < 7 in 1 min; ⑬neonatal intensive care unit admission