Table 2 Cross-tabulation of socio-demographic characteristics and place of delivery
Characteristic | Total n | Home delivery n (%) | Facility delivery n (%) | Chi-square | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||||
15–19 | 178 | 36(20) | 142(80) | 3.40 | 0.16 |
20–24 | 686 | 185(27) | 501(73) | ||
Educational status | |||||
No education | 154 | 72(47) | 82(53) | 66.79 | < 0.01 |
Primary | 203 | 65(32) | 138(68) | ||
Senior high | 496 | 84(17) | 412(83) | ||
Higher | 11 | 0 (0) | 11(100) | ||
Marital status | |||||
Unmarried | 320 | 67(21) | 253(79) | 5.51 | 0.06 |
Married | 544 | 152(28) | 392(72) | ||
Wealth index | |||||
Poorest | 187 | 86(46) | 101(54) | 98.81 | < 0.01 |
Poorer | 215 | 67(31) | 148(69) | ||
Middle | 221 | 55(25) | 166(75) | ||
Richer | 155 | 9(6) | 146(94) | ||
Richest | 86 | 3(4) | 83(96) | ||
Areas of residence | |||||
Urban | 341 | 34(10) | 307(90) | 77.53 | < 0.01 |
Rural | 523 | 36(188) | 335(64) | ||
Region | |||||
Western | 95 | 26(27) | 69(73) | 101.46 | < 0.01 |
Central | 102 | 31(30) | 71(70) | ||
Greater Accra | 110 | 13(12) | 97(88) | ||
Volta | 74 | 19(26) | 55(74) | ||
Eastern | 101 | 32(32) | 69(68) | ||
Ashanti | 129 | 14(11) | 115(89) | ||
Brong-Ahafo | 97 | 16(17) | 81(83) | ||
Northern | 97 | 58(60) | 37(40) | ||
Upper East | 38 | 3(9) | 29(91) | ||
Upper West | 23 | 7(27) | 16(73) | ||
Religion | |||||
Christianity | 669 | 154(23) | 515(77) | 6.28 | < 0.01 |
Islam | 133 | 33(25) | 100(75) | ||
Traditional | 21 | 15(72) | 6(28) | ||
No religion | 41 | 17(41) | 24(59) | ||
Employment status | |||||
Unemployed | 302 | 72(22) | 230(78) | 2.75 | 0.12 |
Employed | 562 | 152(27) | 410(73) | ||
Covered by health insurance | |||||
No | 326 | 101(31) | 225(69) | 9.70 | < 0.01 |
Yes | 538 | 118(22) | 420(78) | ||
Husband/partner education | |||||
No education | 130 | 56(43) | 74(57) | 25.86 | < 0.01 |
Primary | 75 | 24(32) | 51(68) | ||
Senior high | 379 | 91(24) | 288(76) | ||
Higher | 26 | 2(7) | 24(93) | ||
Distance to a health facility | |||||
Big problem | 250 | 83(33) | 167(67) | 11.08 | < 0.01 |
Not a big problem | 614 | 135(22) | 479(78) | ||
Frequency of reading newspaper | |||||
Not at all | 774 | 209(27) | 565(78) | 14.27 | < 0.01 |
Less than once a week | 53 | 4(7) | 49(93) | ||
At least once a week | 35 | 5(13) | 30(87) | ||
Frequency of listening to a radio | |||||
Not at all | 161 | 55(34) | 106(66) | 2.98 | 0.05 |
Less than once a week | 301 | 75(25) | 226(75) | ||
At least once a week | 402 | 88(22) | 314(78) | ||
Frequency of watching television | |||||
Not at all | 233 | 79(34) | 154(66) | 19.21 | < 0.01 |
Less than once a week | 234 | 63(27) | 171(73) | ||
At least once a week | 397 | 75(19) | 322(81) | ||
Antenatal care (ANC) | |||||
No visit | 24 | 20(84) | 4(16) | 82.90 | < 0.01 |
1–3 visits | 121 | 52(43) | 69(57) | ||
4–7 visits | 520 | 120(23) | 400(77) | ||
8–20 visits | 200 | 28(14) | 172(86) | ||