Table 3 Bivariable analysis; associations with pregnancy and birth related factors and stillbirth

Pregnancy / birth related

Singleton or multiple

Multiple pregnancy

0.51 (0.25 to 1.05)

0.068

Ultrasound in pregnancy

Yes

0.74 (0.54 to 1.01)

0.054

Presentation

Shoulder presentation

17.17 (4.79 to 61.54)

 < 0.001

Face presentation

2.08 (0.46 to 9.48)

0.344

Compound presentation

8.80 (3.79 to 20.43)

 < 0.001

Cephalic presentation

Reference category

Breech presentation

4.12 (2.85 to 5.96)

 < 0.001

Birthing complications

Yes

5.98 (4.43 to 8.07)

 < 0.001

Duration of labour

 < 18 h

Reference category

 ≥ 18 h

2.92 (2.10 to 4.07)

 < 0.001

Unknown

3.42 (1.59 to 7.36)

0.002

Antepartum haemorrhage

Yes

6.66 (4.59 to 9.68)

 < 0.001

Delivery

Prolonged / obstructed labour

3.34 (1.96 to 5.69)

 < 0.001

Prolonged labour^a

1.61 (1.18 to 2.20)

0.003

Vaginal breech delivery

4.61 (2.34 to 9.05)

 < 0.001

SVD

Reference category

Emergency C-section

2.89 (2.02 to 4.15)

 < 0.001

Elective C-section

0.12 (0.02 to 0.87)

0.036

Sex

Male

Reference category

Female

1.02 (0.76 to 1.36)

0.913

Unable to determine

1.00

Gestational age (weeks)

GA

0.23 (0.11 to 0.49)

 < 0.001

GA (squared)

1.02 (1.01 to 1.03)

0.001

Birth weight

BW spline term 1^b

0.22 (0.16 to 0.30)

 < 0.001

BW spline term 2^b

5.67 (3.59 to 8.96)

 < 0.001

Signs of birth trauma (neonate)

Yes

5.61 (3.62 to 8.68)

 < 0.001