| Author, [year] | Year published | Country | Number of female | Method used to identify | Start measuring time | Main findings | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Eid Farrag and Abd ElHamed Eltohamy [24] | 2021 | Egypt | 120 | Purple line | First stage of labor | The purple line appearance in the expectation of normal labor progress had 87.91% sensitivity, 39.53% specificity, and 85.25% accuracy | |
2 | Kordi, Irani [11] [3 paper] | 2013 | Iran | 350 | Purple line and transverse diagonal of the Michaelis sacral | First stage of labor | The purple line and the transverse diagonal of the Michaelis sacral area can both be used to observe the labor progress, but the transverse diagonal of the Michaelis sacral area is a better predictor for observing the labor progress in comparison with the purple line | |
3 | Elkadi, Ewida [25] | 2021 | Egypt | 56 | 2D transperineal ultrasounds | Active phase | The angle of progression with cutoff value ≥ 97.0° had the highest predictive and diagnostic value, followed by the station of fetal head ≥ 0.0 followed by cervical dilatation ≥ 5 cm and cervical effacement ≥ 75% | |
4 | Hjartardóttir, Lund [26] | 2021 | Ice land | 99 nulliparous | 3D transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound | Active phase | HPD and AOP are associated with spontaneous vaginal birth, and the ROC curves of 0.68 and 0.67 [best cutoff levels of ≥ 45 mm and ≤ 93 degrees] | |
5 | Ibrahim, Nasr [27] | 2021 | Egypt | 600 Primiparous [300 normal progress and 300 withprolonged 1st stage of labor | 2D transperineal ultrasounds | Active phase | VE, HPD, and AOP are significantly correlated with one another and with both progress of labor and mode of birth [p value < 0.001]. When combining both HPD and AOP for the prediction of the mode of birth, the assessment of both parameters has a high sensitivity of 97.7% and a high positive predictive value of 86.63% | |
6 | Mukdee, Suntharasaj [28] | 2021 | Thailand | 330 | 2D transabdominal ultrasound | Active phase | The sensitivity of an OSA ≥ 100 degrees for predicting vaginal birth is 83.7%, but its specificity is only 17.1%. The combination of an OSA ≥ 100 degrees with multiparity and no induction of labor can predict vaginal birth with a positive likelihood ratio of 3.6 | |
7 | Fahmy, Elhalaby [29] | 2020 | Egypt | 70 nulliparous | 2D Transperineal ultrasound | Active phase | VE, HPD [≥ 120 degrees] and AOP [≤ 45 mm] are significantly correlated with one another and prediction of the occurrence of normal vaginal birth | |
8 | Kandil, Elhalaby [30] | 2020 | Egypt | 80 | 2D Transperineal ultrasound | Active phase | The sensitivity of an AOP > 104 degrees for predicting vaginal delivery is 90%, and the specificity is 86% | |
9 | Solaiman, Atwa [31] | 2020 | Egypt | 28 | 2D Transperineal ultrasound | Prolonged active phase of first or second stage s of labor | Using a cut off value of 115 degrees for the AOP, the positive predictive value [PPV] of vaginal birth is 87%; using a cut off value of 42 mm for HPD results in a PPV for vaginal birth of 85% | |
10 | Maged, Soliman [14] | 2019 | Egypt | 400 | 2D Transabdominal ultrasound | Active phase | An OSA < 126 degrees has a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 82%, 64.6%, and 92% in the prediction of the mode of birth, respectively | |
11 | Wiafe, Whitehead [23] | 2018 | Ghana | 201 | 2D Transperineal Ultrasound | Active phase | An HPD of 3.6Â cm is the cut-off value for the high likelihood of predicting an engaged fetal head. An AOP of 101 degrees is consistent with engagement by VE | |
12 | Eggebø, Hassan [32] | 2014 | UK and Norway | 150 | 2D and 3D transabdominal and Transperineal ultrasound | Prolonged first stage of labor | The area under the ROC curve for the prediction of vaginal birth is 81% using HPD as the test variable and 72% using AOP. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that an HPD ≤ 40 mm, an AOP ≥ 110 degrees, a non-occiput posterior position, and the spontaneous onset of labor are independent predictors for vaginal birth | |
13 | Torkildsen, Salvesen [33] | 2011 | Norway | 110 primiparous | 2D and 3D Transperineal Ultrasound | prolonged first stage of labor | For women in prolonged labor, HPD and AOP can predict vaginal birth with the ROC curve of 0.81 and 0.76. The 2D and 3D acquisitions were similar |