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Fig. 3 | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Fig. 3

From: Effect of breast milk with or without bacteria on infant gut microbiota

Fig. 3

Microbial analysis of pregnant women’s fecal samples. Alpha diversity estimated by Shannon indices (a) and Simpson indices (b) showed no differences in groups. c PCoA based on weighted Unifrac distances indicated there were no differences in groups. Statistical significance was calculated by the Anosim test. d LEfSe analysis compared all taxonomy between groups. Identified five biomarkers when LDA score = 4. e Evolutionary branch diagram demonstrated that Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium belong to the same branch. Co-occurrence networks of gut microbiota at the genus level were showen in (f) and (g). f Co-occurrence network of the PBM group. g Co-occurrence network of the PSM group. Nodes with relative abundance less than 0.005% were removed. The nodes were colored by phylum, and nodes’ size was proportional to the relative abundance of genera. Edges represented the relationships between the nodes. A positive correlation was shown by red edges, while a negative correlation was denoted by green edges. Bifidobacterium was indicated by the arrow. PBM = Pregnant women with bacterial milk; PSM = Pregnant women with sterile milk

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