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Table 1 Characteristics of participants with and without gestational diabetes mellitus

From: The interactive effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index, thyroid function, and blood lipid levels on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a crossover analysis

Characteristics

Total

GDM

Control

t/χ2

P

Mean ± SD / n (%)

(n = 928)

(n = 232)

(n = 696)

Age, year

29.9 ± 4.0

30.3 ± 4.1

29.8 ± 3.9

-1.905

0.057

miscarriages

0.63 ± 0.90

0.68 ± 1.00

0.61 ± 0.86

-0.909

0.363

History of abortion

  No

537(57.9%)

125(53.9%)

412 (59.2%)

2.017

0.156

  Yes

391(42.1%)

107(46.1%)

284 (40.8%)

Gravidity

2.05 ± 1.16

2.12 ± 1.21

2.03 ± 1.15

-0.993

0.321

  1

379(40.8%)

89(38.4%)

290 (41.7%)

0.786

0.375

    ≥ 2

549(9.2%)

143(61.6%)

406 (58.3%)

Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2

20.98 ± 2.39

22.27 ± 3.06

20.55 ± 1.95

-8.018

 < 0.001

   < 23.00

733(79.0%)

132(56.9%)

601(86.4%)

90.949

 < 0.001

   ≥ 23.00

195(21.0%)

100(43.1%)

95(13.6%)

TG,mmol/L

2.29 ± 0.88

2.56 ± 0.96

2.21 ± 0.83

-4.989

 < 0.001

   < 2.30

565(60.9%)

117(50.4%)

448(64.4%)

14.191

 < 0.001

   ≥ 2.30

363(39.1%)

115(49.6%)

248(35.6%)

TC, mmol/L

6.20 ± 1.06

6.03 ± 1.08

6.25 ± 1.05

2.769

0.006

   < 6.20

482(51.9%)

131(56.5%)

351(50.4%)

2.538

0.111

   ≥ 6.20

446(48.1%)

101(43.5%)

345(49.6%)

LDL-C, mmol/L

3.46 ± 0.82

3.31 ± 0.82

3.51 ± 0.81

3.307

0.001

   < 4.10

737(79.4%)

191(82.3%)

546(78.4%)

1.602

0.206

   ≥ 4.10

191(20.6%)

41(17.7%)

150(21.6%)

HDL-C, mmol/L

2.30 ± 0.46

2.15 ± 0.45

2.36 ± 0.45

6.268

 < 0.001

TSH, mIU/L

1.95 ± 0.79

1.95 ± 0.74

1.96 ± 0.81

0.162

0.871

   < 3.00

838(90.3%)

211(90.9%)

627(90.1%)

0.148

0.701

   ≥ 3.00

90(9.7%)

21(9.1%)

69(9.9%)

FT3, pmol/L

4.28 ± 0.54

4.51 ± 0.84

4.20 ± 0.52

-7.697

 < 0.001

FT4,pmol/L

8.41 ± 1.19

7.89 ± 1.12

8.58 ± 1.16

7.927

 < 0.001

FT3/FT4

0.52 ± 0.10

0.58 ± 0.11

0.50 ± 0.09

-10.540

 < 0.001

  1. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
  2. GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, BMI Body mass index, TG Triglyceride, TC Total cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone, FT3 Free triiodothyronine, FT4 Free thyroxine