Gestational weight gain mediates the effects of energy intake on birth weight among singleton pregnancies in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Table 2 Estimated linear regression coefficients for the associations between energy intake during pregnancy and birth weight, and for the effects mediated by GWG

CI confidence interval, GWG gestational weight gain
Mediation analysis was performed by employing the Karlson–Holm–Breen method using a linear regression model. The model was adjusted for maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, educational level, type of occupation during pregnancy, physical activity level during pregnancy, alcohol consumption and smoking during pregnancy, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, presence of chronic disease, receipt of health guidance, female sex, and gestational age (weeks)
^aRegression coefficients can be interpreted as, for example, mean birth weight was increased by 13.43 g when moving from low to moderate energy intake
^bEnergy intake was stratified into three levels (low, moderate, or high) comprising approximately equal numbers of participants. The tertiles were the 33.4 and 67.9 percentiles, corresponding to 1412 kcal and 1856 kcal, respectively

ISSN: 1471-2393