Table 3 Survey multinomial multivariable analysis of factors associated with place of delivery in Ethiopia, 2019

Maternal age

 15—19 years

1

1

1

1

 20—34 years

1.22 (0.66, 2.26)

0.04 (-0.06, 0.13)

0.69 (0.19, 2.57)

-0.02 (-0.07, 0.04)

  ≥ 35 years

0.88 (0.46, 1.69)

-0.01 (-0.11, 0.09)

0.54 (0.10, 2.82)

-0.02 (-0.08, 0.04)

Media access at the household level

 No

0.95 (0.69, 1.32)

-0.01 (-0.06, 0.04)

1.13 (0.54, 2.37)

0.004 (-0.01, 0.04)

 Yes

1

1

1

1

Family size

 1–5

1

1

1

1

 6—10

1.46 (1.10, 1.93) *

0.05 (0.01, 0.10) *

1.44 (0.85, 2.43)

0.005 (-0.009, 0.02)

  > 10

1.61 (0.77, 3.36)

0.09 (-0.03, 0.19)

0.02 (0.003, 0.20) *

-0.03 (-0.04, -0.009) *

Maternal educational level

 No education

3.39 (0.84, 13.67)

0.19 (-0.04, 0.42)

3.48 (0.44, 27.39)

0.02 (-0.02, 0.05)

 Primary education

1.92 (0.51, 7.28)

0.09 (-0.12, 0.31)

2.44 (0.31, 19.40)

0.01 (-0.02, 0.05)

 Secondary education

1.16 (0.28, 4.89)

0.01 (-0.22, 0.24)

3.79 (0.38, 37.65)

0.04 (-0.03, 0.09)

 Higher education

1

1

1

1

Family wealth index

 Poorest

10.08 (5.66, 17.98) **

0.38 (0.27, 0.49) **

7.72 (1.14, 52.22) *

0.03 (-0.02, 0.08)

 Poorer

4.60 (2.70, 7.85) **

0.26 (0.16, 0.35) **

3.33 (0.60, 18.41)

0.01 (-0.02, 0.05)

 Middle

4.29 (2.68, 6.89) **

0.25 (0.16, 0.34) **

2.99 (0.59, 15.16)

0.01 (-0.02, 0.04)

 Richer

2.13 (1.33, 3.43) *

0.12 (0.04, 0.20) *

2.72 (0.59, 12.51)

0.02 (-0.01, 0.04)

 Richest

1

1

1

1

Parity

 I

1

1

1

1

 II—IV

1.95 (1.20, 3.15) *

0.10 (0.03, 0.18) *

1.21 (0.58, 2.51)

-0.002 (-0.03, 0.02)

  ≥ V

1.93 (1.08, 3.43) *

0.09 (0.008, 0.19) *

1.71 (0.66, 4.45)

0.008 (-0.02, 0.04)

ANC during the index pregnancy

 Data not available

1.93 (1.48, 2.52)

0.11 (0.07, 0.16)

1.08 (0.58, 2.00)

-0.007 (-0.02, 0.01)

 No ANC

6.31 (4.27, 9.32) **

0.30 (0.24, 0.37) **

1.22 (0.39, 3.72)

-0.02 (-0.04, -0.001) *

 1—3 ANC visits

1.59 (1.22, 2.07) **

0.08 (0.03, 0.12) *

1.24 (0.71, 2.17)

-0.0002 (-0.02, 0.02)

  ≥ 4 ANC visits

1

1

1

1

Residence

 Urban

1

1

1

1

 Rural

0.78 (0.39, 1.59)

-0.05 (-0.15, 0.06)

2.91 (0.77, 11.02)

0.02 (-0.002, 0.05)

The poverty level of the community

 Low

1

1

1

1

 High

0.79 (0.49, 1.26)

-0.04 (-0.11, 0.03)

1.47 (0.54, 4.04)

0.01 (-0.01, 0.04)

Community media inaccessibility

 Low

1

1

1

1

 High

1.02 (0.69, 1.52)

0.01 (-0.05, 0.07)

0.64 (0.27, 1.53)

-0.01 (-0.04, 0.01)

Illiteracy level of the community

 Low

1

1

1

1

 High

0.82 (0.56, 1.21)

-0.02 (-0.08, 0.03)

0.64 (0.28, 1.46)

-0.01 (-0.03, 0.01)

 ≥ 4 ANC use at the community level (cluster level coverage)

  < 25%

7.49 (3.54, 15.85) **

0.37 (0.23, 0.51) **

0.46 (0.09, 2.39)

-0.05 (-0.12, 0.02)

 25 – 50%

4.88 (2.40, 9.89) **

0.30 (0.16, 0.43) **

0.59 (0.17, 2.03)

-0.04 (-0.11, 0.02)

 51 – 74%

2.25 (1.20, 4.20) *

0.14 (0.03, 0.26) *

1.17 (0.32, 4.33)

-0.01 (-0.08, 0.06)

  ≥ 75%

1

1

1

1