Characteristics | Mean ± SD | n (%) |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 29.7 ± 5.6 |  |
Energy intake (kcal/day) | 2433.5 ± 706.7 |  |
Carbohydrate intake (g/day) | 309 ± 88.8 |  |
Protein intake (g/day) | 104.4 ± 40.2 |  |
Fat intake (g/day) | 87.6 ± 38.9 |  |
Pregnant women’s education levels (n,%) | ||
 Primary |  | 56 (28.7) |
 Secondary |  | 77 (39.5) |
 Tertiary |  | 62 (31.8) |
Working status (n,%) | ||
 No |  | 132 (67.7) |
 Yes |  | 63 (32.3) |
Monthly household income (n,%) | ||
  < Minimum wage |  | 51 (26.2) |
  ≥ Minimum wage |  | 144 (73.8) |
Maternal nutrition knowledge levels (n,%) | ||
 Low |  | 99 (50.8) |
 Moderate |  | 56 (28.7) |
 High |  | 40 (20.5) |
Outdoor activity (n,%) | ||
 No |  | 112 (57.4) |
 Yes |  | 83 (42.6) |
Duration of outdoor activity (n,%) | ||
  < 1 h |  | 98 (50.3) |
  ≥ 1 h |  | 97 (49.7) |
Parity (n,%) | ||
 Nulliparous |  | 46 (23.6) |
 Primiparous |  | 149 (76.4) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) (n,%) | ||
 Overweight/Obese |  | 84 (43.1) |
 Normal |  | 91 (46.7) |
 Underweight |  | 20 (10.2) |
GWGa (n,%) | ||
 Inadequate |  | 104 (53.3) |
 Adequate |  | 67 (34.4) |
 Excessive |  | 24 (12.3) |
Gestational age at birth, weeks | 38.88 ± 1.91 |  |
Infant gender | ||
 Boy |  | 111 (56.9) |
 Girl |  | 84 (43.1) |
Birthweight, g | 3204.87 ± 494.99 |  |
Birth length, cm | 48.56 ± 2.87 |  |
Head circumference, cm | 33.89 ± 2.52 |  |