Table 1 Descriptive maternal and fetal characteristics

Number of patients

189

93

96

Age (years)

32.9 ± 5.4

32.7 ± 5.4

33.0 ± 5.5

High risk ethnicity (yes; N(%))

81 (43.6%)

41(45.1)

40(42.1)

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m²)

26.6 ± 5.4

26.4 ± 5.0

26.7 ± 5.8

Gestational weight gain (kg)

13.3 ± 7.2

13.2 ± 7.0

13.3 ± 7.4

Gestational weight gain until the 1^st GDM visit N(%)

10.5 ± 6.1

10.3 ± 6.7

10.6 ± 6.0

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy ^a (yes; N(%))

88 (46.6%)

45 (48.4)

43 (44.8)

Excessive weight gain until the 1^st GDM visit ^a N(%)

145 (76.7%)

72 (77.4)

73 (76.0)

Fasting oGTT glucose value (mmol/l)

5.3 ± 0.7

5.3 ± 0.7

5.2 ± 0.6

1-h oGTT glucose value (mmol/l)

10.0 ± 2.1

9.7 ± 2.4

10.2 ± 1.9

2-h oGTT glucose value (mmol/l)

7.9 ± 2.0

8.1 ± 2.2

7.8 ± 1.9

Gestational age at the 1^st GDM visit (weeks)

28.2 ± 3.0

28.1 ± 2.6

28.3 ± 3.4

HbA1c at the 1^st GDM visit (%)

5.5 ± 0.4

5.5 ± 0.5

5.5 ± 0.4

(mmol/mol)

37 ± 4.4

37 ± 5.5

37 ± 4.4

Medical treatment requirement N(%)

104 (58.8)

49 (55.1)

55 (62.5)

Fetal Characteristics

 Gestational age (weeks)

32.8 ± 1.5

32.8 ± 1.5

32.7 ± 1.5

 Fetal weight (gr)

2089± 385

2118 ± 423

2060 ± 345

 Fetal weight centile ^b (%)

67.8 ± 21.4

68.5 ± 21.1

67.1 ± 21.7

 Fetal weight centile > 90% ^b N(%)

33 (17.5)

19 (20.4)

14 (14.6)

 Fetal weight centile < 10%^b N(%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0(0)

 Fetal abdominal circumference ^b (mm)

289.8 ± 42.9

290.3 ± 37.6

289.4 ± 47.8

 Fetal abdominal circumference centile ^b (%)

65.9 ± 29.9

67.4 ± 28.5

64.5 ± 31.3

 Fetal abdominal circumference centile > 90% ^b N(%)

54 (28.6)

27 (29.0)

27 (28.1)

 Fetal abdominal circumference centile < 10% ^b N(%)

12 (6.4)

4 (4.3)

8 (8.3)