Fig. 3

Clarithromycin does not alter HMGB1-induced cytokine concentrations in amniotic fluid. A Dams were intra-amniotically injected with HMGB1 under ultrasound guidance on 14.5 days post coitum (dpc) and treated with 75 mg/kg of clarithromycin (CLR; n = 7) or DMSO (vehicle control; n = 8) at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-injection. On 18.5 dpc, two hours after the last dose of CLR or DMSO, mice were euthanized and collection of amniotic fluid was performed to assess the concentrations of cytokines in the amniotic cavity. Amniotic fluid cytokine levels (pg/mL) of B IL-6, C IL-1β, D TNF, E IL-1α, F IL-10, G IFNγ, H M-CSF, I CCL2, J CCL4, K CCL5, L CXCL1, and M CXCL10 from dams intra-amniotically injected with HMGB1 and treated with CLR (blue dots) or DMSO (red dots). Data are represented as box-and-whisker plots with medians, interquartile ranges, and min/max ranges. P-values were determined using the one-sided Mann–Whitney U-test