Table 3 Description of studies presenting values and preferences data
Study | Location | Population and sample size | Data collection method | Self-monitoring description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hinton et al., 2017 [41] (BuMP) | United Kingdom | Pregnant women with elevated risk of hypertension or pre-eclampsia including a family history, advanced age, high BMI, and renal disease. End-user qualifications (within the British educational system) ranged from first degree (n = 7), GCSE 0 Level or CSE (n = 1), Professional qualification (n = 3), post-graduate or above (n = 3), and unknown (n = 1). N = 15 | Semi-structured interview | Self-monitoring blood pressure using an automated electronic sphygmomanometer validated for use in pregnancy and preeclampsia (Microlife WatchBP home). Two measurements following 5 minutes of rest were required in the morning and evening, taking place on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday of the week. Self-monitoring also involved receiving feedback on their hypertension status with appropriate follow-up measures, and enabled submitting the blood pressure measurements to the central server. Women were enrolled at 12–16 weeks in their pregnancy and were instructed to self-monitor for up to 6 weeks post-partum. |
Hinton et al., 2020 [40] | United Kingdom | Obstetricians, hospital and community midwives, pharmacists, and physicians-in-training. N = 147 | Semi-structured interview, focus groups | N/A (providers reported their views on various topics surrounding the patients’ self-monitoring of blood pressure during pregnancy) |
Jongsma et al., 2020 [42] van den Heuvel et al., 2020a [46, 47] (SAFE@HOME) | Netherlands | Pregnant women with singleton pregnancy and at least one of the predetermined risk factors of preeclampsia including chronic hypertension and maternal cardiac or renal diseases. Participants had to have a “good understanding of either the Dutch or English language”, but authors provided no further report of educational or health literacy level. N = 103 invited (additional 133 as a retrospective control sample for van den Heuvel 2020) | Validated questionnaires, semi-structured interviews based on the van den Heuvel study sample (Jongsma 2020) Surveys in the context of a case control study (van den Heuvel 2020) | Self-monitoring blood pressure using an automated sphygmomanometer (iHealth Track). Patients were to submit a single measurement on every weekday before 10 AM, which was transmitted to the application on phone and could be manually checked by patients prior to forwarding it to the platform. Self-monitoring also involved receiving feedback on their hypertension status and symptoms with appropriate follow-up measures. Self-monitoring began from 16 weeks of gestation until delivery. |
Marko et al., 2016 [43] (Babyscripts) | United States | Pregnant women of ages between 18 and 40 years with self-reported low-risk pregnancy status. Authors did not report education or health literacy level of participants. N = 8 | Surveys in the context of a prospective observational study | Self-monitoring blood pressure using an automated electronic sphygmomanometer (Wireless Blood Pressure Monitor, Withings). Measurements were collected on a weekly basis, which were transmitted to the Babyscripts application installed on a mobile phone. These were available for review by both the patient and provider. Self-monitoring also involved receiving feedback on their blood pressure goals and alerting the provider. Women were enrolled at 8–10 weeks of gestation and followed until delivery. |
Sheehan et al., 2019 [44] | United Kingdom | Women of 30–41 years of age with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Authors did not report education or health literacy level of participants. N = 8 | Semi-structured interviews | Self-monitoring blood pressure at home using a validated blood pressure monitor on a daily basis. Measurements were submitted on the phone application. Self-monitoring also involved answering questions for signs of pre-eclampsia. Women completed at least 8 weeks of self-monitoring of pressure at home. |
Taylor et al., 2001 [45] | New Zealand | A combination of two separate groups consisting of healthy pregnant women (N = 120) and inpatient women with preeclampsia (N = 40). Authors did not report education or health literacy level of participants. | Questionnaires | Self-monitoring using Omron HEM-705CP monitor on four occasions at home over 24 hours. For inpatient women with preeclampsia who had severe hypertension, additional measurements were collected. No feedback on blood pressure measurement was provided to women. |
van den Heuvel et al., 2020b [46] | Netherlands | Obstetrics care professionals affiliated with hospitals that had pregnancy and/or childbirth care departments in the Netherlands N = 57 | Web-based survey | Self-monitoring blood pressure as part of daily pregnancy monitoring, with the help of hospital personnel traveling to the pregnant individuals’ homes or the help of devices used by the pregnant individuals at home in the absence of hospital personnel |