Table 2 Characteristics of the study population
Predisposing factors | Mean | SD | Min / Max |
Maternal age (years) | 34.33 | 4.463 | 19 / 49 |
N | % | ||
Multiparous | 847 | 45.2 | |
Single parenting | 44 | 2.4 | |
Country of birth other than Germany | 226 | 12.2 | |
No excellent German language skills | 94 | 5.7 | |
Educational attainment | |||
Less than 10 years of education | 26 | 1.4 | |
10 years of education | 716 | 39.3 | |
More than 10 years of education | 1082 | 59.3 | |
No employment before maternity leave | 207 | 11.2 | |
Smokers living in the household | 397 | 21.4 | |
Physical activity in the year before pregnancy | |||
No physical activity | 669 | 35.8 | |
Less than 1 hour per week | 204 | 10.9 | |
1–2 hours per week | 476 | 25.5 | |
More than 2 hours per week | 519 | 27.8 | |
Unhealthy diet | 870 | 47.1 | |
Enabling factors | |||
Private health insurance | 278 | 15 | |
Travel time to obstetrician | |||
< 15 min. | 635 | 34.3 | |
15–30 min. | 839 | 45.3 | |
30–60 min. | 348 | 18.8 | |
> 60 min. | 31 | 1.7 | |
Mean | SD | Min / Max | |
Health literacy (European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-Q47)a | 35.62 | 7.317 | 0 / 50 |
Social support (short version of the social support questionnaire (F-SozU K-14)b | 4.43 | 0.525 | 1.2/ 5.0 |
Need factors | N | % | |
At-risk-pregnancy | 786 | 42.6 | |
Hypertension or diabetes during pregnancy | 391 | 21.2 | |
Preterm contractions, jaundice or HELLP | 288 | 15.6 | |
Pre-existing illness (diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus type 2, liver disease, kidney disease, thyroid disease, hip dysplasia, cancer, coagulation disorder, cardiac arrhythmia, heart attack, heart failure, hypertension prior to the pregnancy, pyelonephritis, urological disease, other metabolic disease, ADHD, depression, anorexia, bulimia, migraine, anxiety or panic disorder, multiple sclerosis, peripheral facial nerve palsy, febrile seizure, epilepsy, single seizure, meningitis, encephalitis) | 1192 | 64.5 | |
OUTCOME | N | % | |
Supplementary prenatal diagnostics use | 1453 | 79.9 | |