Delayed secretory activation and low milk production in women with gestational diabetes: a case series

Table 1 Maternal and early feeding characteristics

Characteristics	Case A	Case B	Case C	Case D	Case E	Case F	Case G	Case H
Maternal age (years)	39	34	30	36	31	37	30	35
Parity	3	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)	24	28.6	36.2	42.7	33.3	34.9	24.8	24
Pregnancy OGTT result (mmol/l)
Fasting	4.5	4.1	4.3	5.6	4.5	5.3	4.6	4.3
1 h	10.5	10.3	8	11.2	8.7	11.8	9.1	9
2 h	10.8	6.2	8.9	8.3	8.6	6	8.5	9.7
Bra cup size change in pregnancy	+ 1	+ 1	−1	+ 2	+ 1	+ 1	+ 2	+ 1
Birth gestational age (weeks)	38.7	38.1	39.4	38	38.3	37.6	39.7	40.1
Birth mode (vaginal = V, Caesarean section = CS)	V	V	V	CS	V	CS	V	CS
Neonatal nursery admission	No	Yes^a	No	No	No	No	No	No
Timing of first breastfeed (h)	1.5	0.16	1	> 2	NA^b	> 2	1.16	1.5
Timing of first breast expression (h)	2	5	5	2	2	3	5	NA^c
Infant fed formula in hospital	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Timing of milk coming in (days)	8	4	5	5	3	3	3	4

BMI body mass index, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test
^aInfant admitted to neonatal nursery at 11 h of age for management of hypoglycaemia (blood glucose level 1.9 mmol/L) and discharged to mother after 12 h
^bInfant was unable to attach to the breast during the postnatal hospital stay
^cBreast expression was not performed during the postnatal hospital stay

ISSN: 1471-2393