Characteristics | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2014–15 | 2019–20 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | |
Age, years | ||||||||||
15–19 | 3.7 | (2.0–6.9) | 4.1 | (2.3–7.2) | 9.9 | (7.0–13.8) | 14.1 | (10.3–18.9) | 14.2 | (10.1–19.6) |
20–34 | 2.2 | (1.8–2.8) | 3.1 | (2.5–3.7) | 7.4 | (6.5–8.3) | 13.3 | (12.1–14.7) | 15.8 | (14.3–17.4) |
35–49 | 1.5 | (0.9–2.5) | 1.8 | (1.2–2.6) | 5.2 | (3.9–6.9) | 9.7 | (7.8–12.0) | 13.5 | (11.2–16.1) |
Residence | ||||||||||
Urban | 6.4 | (5.0–8.1) | 7.4 | (5.5–9.97) | 16.0 | (13.0–19.6) | 22.1 | (18.9–25.8) | 14.7 | (12.4–17.4) |
Rural | 1.4 | (1.1–1.9) | 2.1 | (1.7–2.6) | 6.0 | (5.3–6.8) | 10.8 | (9.7–12.1) | 15.3 | (13.9–16.7) |
Marital status | ||||||||||
Not in a union | 1.6 | (1.0–2.7) | 3.9 | (2.6–5.7) | 7.8 | (6.2–9.7) | 13.1 | (10.9–15.7) | 26.4 | (22.9–30.3) |
Married/cohabiting | 2.2 | (1.8–2.7) | 2.7 | (2.2–3.3) | 7.0 | (6.2–7.9) | 12.7 | (11.5–14.1) | 12.9 | (11.6–14.3) |
Education | ||||||||||
No formal | 1.1 | (0.7–1.7) | 2.2 | (1.5–3.1) | 5.1 | (3.9–6.8) | 7.7 | (5.7–10.3) | 8.9 | (6.7–11.9) |
Primary | 2.3 | (1.8–3.0) | 2.4 | (1.9–3.1) | 6.4 | (5.6–7.2) | 12.1 | (10.8–13.5) | 12.7 | (11.4–14.2) |
Secondary | 5.1 | (3.7–7.0) | 8.4 | (6.1–11.5) | 18.6 | (15.0–22.8) | 22.4 | (19.1–26.1) | 24.3 | (21.1–27.9) |
Occupation | ||||||||||
Not working | 7.7 | (3.2–17.1) | 4.6 | (3.4–6.2) | 9.4 | (7.4–11.9) | 13.9 | (11.2–17.2) | 19.0 | (16.4–22.0) |
Agriculture | 1.4 | (1.0–1.8) | 1.9 | (1.5–2.4) | 5.7 | (5.0–6.6) | 10.0 | (8.9–11.2) | 12.2 | (10.5–14.0) |
Formal employment | 6.1 | (4.1–8.9) | 7.2 | (5.1–10.1) | 14.2 | (11.4–17.6) | 24.5 | (20.9–28.5) | 16.2 | (14.3–18.3) |
Wealth, quintiles | ||||||||||
Poorest | 1.6 | (0.9–2.8) | 1.0 | (13.7–18.0) | 5.5 | (4.5–6.8) | 9.7 | (7.9–11.8) | 10.4 | (8.6–12.6) |
Poorer | 1.0 | (0.6–1.8) | 2.1 | (1.3–3.3) | 5.6 | (4.3–7.2) | 9.2 | (7.4–11.4) | 9.84 | (8.1–11.9) |
Average | 1.6 | (1.0–2.7) | 1.8 | (1.1–2.8) | 6.5 | (5.0–8.3) | 9.9 | (7.8–12.5) | 12.5 | (10.3–15.1) |
Richer | 2.2 | (1.4–3.4) | 2.5 | (1.8–3.6) | 5.8 | (4.4–7.5) | 14.4 | (11.8–17.3) | 16.8 | (14.0–20.0) |
Richest | 4.3 | (3.2–5.7) | 7.8 | (6.0–10.1) | 14.2 | (11.9–16.8) | 23.2 | (20.4–26.2) | 28.3 | (24.5–32.5) |
ANC attendance, visits | ||||||||||
1–3 | 1.9 | (1.5–2.4) | 2.5 | (2.0–3.0) | 7.2 | (6.3–8.2) | 11.0 | (9.8–12.3) | 13.6 | (12.1–15.3) |
≥4 | 4.9 | (3.3–7.4) | 6.8 | (5.2–9.0) | 10.4 | (8.9–12.1) | 15.5 | (13.8–17.4) | 19.6 | (17.8–21.5) |
Missing | 2.1 | (1.6–2.8) | 2.6 | (2.0–3.4) | 4.9 | (4.0–6.0) | 12.2 | (10.5–14.2) | 12.2 | (10.5–14.1) |
Parity | ||||||||||
1 | 4.2 | (3.0–6.1) | 6.0 | (4.6–7.9) | 15.1 | (13.1–17.4) | 17.9 | (15.7–20.4) | 20.7 | (18.4–23.1) |
2–4 | 2.6 | (2.0–3.3) | 3.2 | (2.5–4.1) | 7.2 | (6.1–8.5) | 13.8 | (12.2–15.5) | 16.6 | (14.9–18.5) |
≥5 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.6) | 1.6 | (1.2–2.3) | 2.8 | (2.2–3.7) | 6.0 | (4.6–7.7) | 7.9 | (6.4–9.9) |
Baby’s sex | ||||||||||
Male | 2.4 | (1.9–3.0) | 3.2 | (2.6–3.9) | 7.9 | (7.0–9.0) | 14.2 | (12.7–15.7) | 16.2 | (14.7–17.8) |
Female | 1.9 | (1.4–2.6) | 2.5 | (2.0–3.2) | 6.3 | (5.5–7.2) | 11.4 | (10.0–12.9) | 14.1 | (12.4–16.0) |
Baby’s birth weight | ||||||||||
Average | 6.7 | (5.3–8.4) | 7.7 | (6.3–9.4) | 9.0 | (7.9–10.2) | 12.5 | (11.3–13.8) | 15.4 | (14.0–16.9) |
Low birth weight | 8.8 | (5.0–15.0) | 9.5 | (5.9–15.0) | 10.0 | (7.7–12.8) | 15.2 | (12.0–19.0) | 14.7 | (12.0–17.8) |
Big baby | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) | 1.1 | (0.8–1.5) | 4.1 | (3.3–5.1) | 12.5 | (10.3–15.3) | 14.3 | (11.4–17.7) |
Twin status | ||||||||||
Singleton | 2.0 | (1.6–2.4) | 2.8 | (2.4–3.4) | 6.8 | (6.1–7.5) | 12.0 | (11.0–13.2) | 14.8 | (13.6–16.2) |
Multiple | 8.6 | (3.8–18.4) | 4.4 | (1.9–10.1) | 19.1 | (12.3–28.4) | 37.2 | (27.3–48.4) | 27.2 | (18.4–38.3) |
Access to information | ||||||||||
No | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) | 1.6 | (1.0–2.6) | 6.4 | (4.6–8.9) | 9.9 | (7.8–12.5) | 11.7 | (9.6–14.1) |
Yes | 2.9 | (2.3–3.6) | 3.2 | (2.7–3.9) | 7.2 | (6.4–8.0) | 13.4 | (12.1–14.7) | 16.1 | (14.6–17.7) |
Partner’s education | ||||||||||
No formal | 1.5 | (1.0–2.3) | 1.3 | (0.8–1.9) | 5.7 | (4.3–7.4) | 9.0 | (6.8–11.9) | 8.9 | (6.5–12.1) |
Primary | 1.9 | (1.5–2.6) | 2.9 | (2.2–3.8) | 6.0 | (5.2–7.0) | 11.8 | (10.5–13.1) | 13.5 | (12.0–15.1) |
Secondary and higher | 4.4 | (2.7–6.9) | 5.4 | (4.0–7.1) | 14.3 | (11.3–18.0) | 23.6 | (20.1–27.7) | 25.3 | (21.6–29.3) |
Region | ||||||||||
Kigali City | 8.8 | (6.8–11.5) | 12.1 | (8.2–17.5) | 15.2 | (11.9–19.1) | 21.8 | (18.0–26.0) | 26.4 | (22.3–31.0) |
South | 2.0 | (1.3–3.1) | 2.8 | (2.1–3.8) | 7.5 | (6.0–9.3) | 14.5 | (12.1–17.2) | 16.2 | (13.8–19.0) |
West | 1.9 | (1.3–2.8) | 2.8 | (2.0–3.9) | 6.1 | (5.0–7.5) | 11.4 | (9.2–14.1) | 12.5 | (10.4–14.9) |
East | 2.3 | (1.4–3.5) | 1.9 | (1.2–2.9) | 6.5 | (5.2–8.0) | 10.8 | (9.0–13.0) | 11.2 | (8.67–14.4) |
North | 1.3 | (0.8–2.3) | 1.2 | (0.7–2.1) | 4.5 | (3.1–6.5) | 8.5 | (6.4–11.1) | 13.2 | (10.7–16.3) |
Type of facility | ||||||||||
Public | 8.2 | (6.8–10.0) | 10.2 | (8.6–11.9) | 9.6 | (8.7–10.7) | 13.9 | (12.6–15.2) | 15.4 | (14.1–16.8) |
Private | 13.6 | (7.4–23.8) | 10.9 | (5.7–20.0) | 41.5 | (26.6–58.1) | 76.5 | (36.9–94.8) | 60.6 | (47.2–72.5) |