Table 3 Differences in NTD-related stillbirth and infant mortality with late ToPFA cases, Turkey, 2014–2019, (n = 3911)

n

3911

3440

471

Gender (%)

 Female

62.9

63.0

62.2

 Male

36.7

36.7

36.9

 Unknown

0.4

0.3

0.8

Gestational age (week)

32.6 ± 5.8

33.7 ± 5.1

24.5 ± 3.4

Birthweight (gr)

1736 ± 996

1875 ± 971

731 ± 445

Maternal age (year)

28.5 ± 6.5

28.6 ± 6.5

27.9 ± 6.4

Maternal education (year)

5.6 ± 4.4

5.4 ± 4.3

8.1 ± 4.3

Paternal education (year)

6.9 ± 4.4

6.7 ± 4.4

8.5 ± 4.3

Household size

4.6 ± 2.7

4.7 ± 2.7

3.7 ± 1.9

Consanguineous marriage (%)

 Yes

22.8

24.6^a

9.8^b

 No

71.4

69.5^a

85.6^b

 Unknown

5.8

5.9^a

4.7^a

Miscarriage/stillbirth history (%)

 Yes

30.1

31.0^a

23.8^b

 No

64.8

63.8^a

72.0^b

 Unknown

5.1

5.2^a

4.2^a

Maternal smoking (%)

 Yes

6.3

6.2

7.2

 No

85.6

85.6

85.1

 Unknown

8.1

8.1

7.6

Pregnancy type (%)

 Normal

94.1

93.8

96.2

 Assisted reproductive technology

2.2

2.3

1.3

 Unknown

3.7

3.9

2.5

Parity(%)

 Nullipar

24.2

23.4^a

30.1^b

 Multipar

72.1

72.8^a

66.7^b

 Unknown

3.7

3.7^a

3.2^a

Number of antenatal care

5.9 ± 5.0

6.0 ± 5.1

5.7 ± 4.7

 0.341

Number of fetuses in the pregnancy (%)

 Singleton

91.9

91.3^a

96.4^b

 Twin/triplet

4.2

4.6^a

1.1^b

 Unknown

3.9

4.1^a

2.5^a

Delivery type (%)

 Vaginal delivery

44.3

39.4^a

80.3^b

 Cesarean section

50.8

55.7^a

15.3^b

 Unknown

4.9

5.0^a

4.5^a

Regions (%)

 West

27.5

24.7^a

47.8^b

 South

10.0

10.3^a

7.9^a

 Central

12.1

10.7^a

22.3^b

 North

4.0

3.3^a

9.8^b

 East

46.4

51.0^a

12.3^b