| Preterm | Non-Preterma |  |  |  |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Hospitalizationb | Non-hospitalization | Hospitalizationb | Non-hospitalization | Total | P1 | P2 | P3 |
Total livebirthsc | 1941 (3.3) | 573 (1.0) | 6019 (10.2) | 50,523 (85.6) | 59,056 | Â | Â | Â |
Maternal age, y | ||||||||
  < 20 | 74 (3.8) | 23 (4.0) | 159 (2.6) | 1706 (3.4) | 1962 (3.3) | 0.826 | 0.003 | 0.034 |
 20-34 | 1637 (84.3) | 496 (86.6) | 5377 (89.3) | 44,523 (88.1) | 52,033 (88.1) | 0.192 | 0.006 | 0.982 |
  >  35 | 230 (11.8) | 54 (9.4) | 483 (8.0) | 4294 (8.5) | 5061 (8.6) | 0.107 | 0.211 | 0.184 |
 Rural residency | 1135 (58.5) | 342 (59.7) | 3681 (61.2) | 29,331 (58.1) | 34,489 (58.4) | 0.605 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Education > 9 y | 846 (43.6) | 290 (50.6) | 2074 (34.5) | 19,850 (39.3) | 23,060 (39.1) | 0.003 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Inadequate prenatal care | 1011 (52.1) | 239 (41.7) | 3078 (51.1) | 20,780 (41.1) | 25,108 (42.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Multipara | 1171 (60.3) | 370 (64.6) | 3441 (57.2) | 30,349 (60.1) | 35,331 (59.8) | 0.067 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 HDP | 382 (19.7) | 82 (14.3) | 399 (6.6) | 2030 (4.0) | 2893 (4.9) | 0.004 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 GDM | 100 (5.2) | 29 (5.1) | 150 (2.5) | 624 (1.2) | 903 (1.5) | 0.931 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Anemia | 247 (12.7) | 66 (11.5) | 928 (15.4) | 3209 (6.4) | 4450 (7.5) | 0.442 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 PROM | 660 (34.0) | 160 (27.9) | 631 (10.5) | 3775 (7.5) | 5226 (8.6) | 0.006 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Placenta | 198 (10.2) | 26 (4.5) | 149 (2.5) | 535 (1.1) | 908 (1.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Umbilical cord | 162 (8.3) | 13 (2.3) | 522 (8.7) | 1370 (2.7) | 2067 (3.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Antenatal steroids | 908 (46.8) | 173 (30.2) | 29 (0.5) | 44 (0.1) | 1154 (2.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Fetal distress | 23 (1.2) | 9 (1.6) | 82 (1.4) | 572 (1.1) | 686 (1.2) | 0.469 | 0.114 | 0.159 |
 Cesarean delivery | 1169 (60.2) | 340 (59.3) | 2996 (49.8) | 27,538 (54.5) | 32,043 (54.3) | 0.702 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 AF contamination | 154 (7.9) | 37 (6.5) | 805 (13.4) | 6635 (13.1) | 7631 (12.9) | 0.241 | 0.600 | 0.012 |
 Multiple births | 390 (20.1) | 150 (26.2) | 159 (2.6) | 560 (1.1) | 1259 (2.1) | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 GA 25-27 (week) | 40 (2.1) | 14 (2.4) | – | – | 54 (0.1) | 0.579 | – | – |
 28-31 | 241 (12.4) | 24 (4.2) | – | – | 265 (0.5) | < 0.001 | – | – |
 32-36 | 1660 (85.5) | 535 (93.4) | – | – | 2195 (3.7) | < 0.001 | – | – |
 37-38 | – | – | 1900 (31.6) | 11,016 (21.8) | 12,916 (21.9) | – | < 0.001 | – |
 39-41 | – | – | 4076 (67.7) | 38,922 (77) | 42,998 (72.8) | – | < 0.001 | – |
  >  42 | – | – | 43 (0.7) | 585 (1.2) | 628 (1.1) | – | 0.002 | – |
 BW < 1000 (g) | 20 (1.0) | 14 (2.4) | 0 | 0 | 34 (0.1) | 0.010 | – | – |
 1000-1499 | 177 (9.1) | 15 (2.6) | 6 (0.1) | 14 (0.03) | 212 (0.4) | < 0.001 | 0.050 | < 0.001 |
 1500-2499 | 942 (48.5) | 128 (22.3) | 213 (3.5) | 319 (0.6) | 1602 (2.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 2500-3999 | 785 (40.4) | 406 (70.9) | 5064 (84.1) | 42,851 (84.8) | 49,106 (83.2) | < 0.001 | 0.165 | < 0.001 |
  >  4000 | 17 (0.9) | 10 (1.7) | 736 (12.2) | 7339 (14.5) | 8102 (13.7) | 0.076 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Low BW | 1139 (58.7) | 157 (27.4) | 219 (3.6) | 333 (0.7) | 1848 (3.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 SGA | 103 (5.3) | 23 (4.0) | 311 (5.2) | 2084 (4.1) | 2521 (4.3) | 0.213 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Male | 1088 (56.1) | 329 (57.4) | 3415 (56.7) | 26,750 (52.9) | 31,582 (53.5) | 0.563 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Apgar 1 min < 7 | 575 (29.6) | 65 (11.3) | 571 (9.5) | 246 (0.5) | 1457 (2.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Apgar 5 min < 7 | 167 (8.6) | 36 (6.3) | 164 (2.7) | 57 (0.1) | 424 (0.7) | 0.073 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 DR resuscitation | 347 (17.9) | 88 (15.4) | 270 (4.5) | 1193 (2.4) | 1898 (3.2) | 0.161 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Intubation | 21 (1.1) | 4 (0.7) | 30 (0.5) | 58 (0.1) | 113 (0.2) | 0.416 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Chest compression | 32 (1.6) | 5 (0.9) | 31 (0.5) | 36 (0.1) | 104 (0.2) | 0.175 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Adrenaline | 14 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) | 20 (0.3) | 9 (0.02) | 44 (0.1) | 0.135 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Congenital anomalies | 159 (8.2) | 14 (2.4) | 413 (6.9) | 204 (0.4) | 790 (1.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 In-hospital mortalityd | 89 (4.6) | – | 79 (1.3) | – | 168 (0.3) | – | – | – |
 Out-of-hospital mortalitye | 4 (0.2) | 3 (0.5) | 30 (0.5) | 51 (0.1) | 88 (0.2) | 0.012 | 0.014 | 0.004 |
 Deaths at DR | – | 27 (4.7) | – | 8 (0.02) | 35 (0.1) | – | – | – |
 Neonatal mortalityf | 82 (4.2) | 27 (4.7) | 84 (1.4) | 20 (0.04) | 213 (0.4) | 0.615 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 0-6 PND (early) | 55 (2.8) | 27 (4.7) | 55 (0.9) | 16 (0.03) | 153 (0.3) | 0.026 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 7-27 PND (late) | 27 (1.4) | 0 | 29 (0.5) | 4 (0.01) | 60 (0.1) | 0.005 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Postneonatal mortalityg | 11 (0.6) | 3 (0.5) | 25 (0.4) | 39 (0.1) | 78 (0.1) | 0.903 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
 Infant mortalityh | 93 (4.8) | 30 (5.2) | 109 (1.8) | 59 (0.1) | 291 (0.5) | 0.665 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |