Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Age at intake, years

30.8 (4.6)

Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m²

22.6 (18.9; 29.9)

Overweight women, n (%)

347 (25.4)

Parity (nulliparous)

877 (59.5)

Educational level (high)

785 (53.3)

Ethnicity (Dutch and Western)

1060 (71.9)

Smoking (continued smoking in pregnancy)

232 (15.7)

Alcohol (continued alcohol consumption in pregnancy)

650 (44.1)

Folic acid supplement use (start preconceptional)

756 (51.3)

Embryonic sex (male)

723 (49.1)

Glucose, mmol/L

4.41 (0.83)

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.69 (0.81)

3.65–5.44

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.19 (0.70; 2.24)

0.50–1.80

HDL-c, mmol/L

1.77 (0.34)

1.04–2.02

LDL-c, mmol/L

2.34 (0.67)

1.55–3.96

Remnant cholesterol, mmol/L

0.54 (0.32; 1.01)

–

Non-HDL-c, mmol/L

2.93 (0.77)

–

TG/HDL-c ratio

0.67 (0.34; 1.63)

–