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Table 4 The results of the generalized estimating equations for the effects of midwife-led counselling program on fear of childbirth and general self-efficacy

From: The effect of midwifery-led counseling on expectant fathers’ fear of childbirth: a smartphone- based randomized controlled trial

Outcomes

Time

β

SE

95% Wald Confidence Interval

P-value

Lower

Upper

Fear of childbirth

Intervention vs. control group

−11.84

5.13

−21.90

−1.78

0.021

Post intervention

−6.66

1.38

−9.36

−3.95

<  0.001

One-month follow-up

−4.17

1.18

−6.49

−1.85

<  0.001

General self-efficacy

Intervention vs. control group

2.07

1.43

−0.74

4.89

0.150

Post intervention

0.86

0.57

−0.26

1.98

0.134

One-month follow-up

1.43

0.58

0.28

2.58

0.014