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Table 3 Mean, standard deviation, effect size of fear of childbirth and self-efficacy

From: The effect of midwifery-led counseling on expectant fathers’ fear of childbirth: a smartphone- based randomized controlled trial

Outcomes

Time

Groups

Comparison between groups MDb; P-Value

Effect size (Cohen’s d), (95% CIc)

Intervention Mean (SDa)

Control Mean (SDa)

Fear of childbirth

Baseline

60.84 (6.26)

60.12 (7.54)

0.72; 0.614

Post intervention

49.80 (9.57)

57.84 (13.07)

−8.04; 0.017

0.70 (0.13;1.27)

One-month follow-up

53.50 (8.88)

57.96 (10.63)

−4.46; 0.114

0.45 (0.10;1.01)

General self-efficacy

Baseline

25.56 (5.97)

25.68 (4.87)

−0.12; 0.855

Post intervention

28.60 (6.72)

24.36 (3.97)

4.24; 0.009

0.76 (−1.34; 0.19)

One-month follow-up

28.27 (6.58)

25.75 (5.24)

2.52; 0.142

0.42 (−0.98;0.13)

  1. aStandard Deviation
  2. bMean Difference
  3. cConfidence Interval