Table 1 Characteristics of the 26 included studies

Prospective cohort

5 [27,28,29,30,31]

Cross sectional

13 [8, 32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43]

Quasi – experimental study

1 [44]

Case control

1 [45]

Baseline data of a quasi – experimental study

1 [46]

Secondary analysis of data of a prospective cohort study

1 [47]

Mixed method (quantitative and qualitative)

1 [48]

Qualitative studies

3 [49,50,51]

Number of studies using quantitative method

23 [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40]

Number of studies using qualitative method

4 [48,49,50,51]

Setting (among 23 studies using quantitative method)

  Facility – based

14 [8, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36,37,38,39,40, 42, 47, 48]

  Community – based

9 [29, 31, 33, 35, 41, 43,44,45,46]

Sample size (among 23 studies using quantitative method)

  180–500

9 [27, 28, 33, 36, 37, 39, 42, 44, 47]

  500–1,000

7 [8, 32, 34, 35, 40, 43, 48]

  1,000–1,400

6 [29,30,31, 38, 41, 43]

  4,680

1 [46]

Number of countries represented in this review

13

Locations of studies

  Eastern Africa

Ethiopia [35, 37, 42, 43, 45, 46], Tanzania [38, 51], Uganda [49]

  Western Africa

Nigeria [36, 48]

  Southern Africa

South Africa [32]

  Southern Asia

Iran [28, 34, 39], India [44]

  Southeastern Asia

Vietnam [29, 31, 41, 50], Malaysia [40]

  Western Asia

Jordan [33]

  Between Asia and Europe

Turkey [27]

  Latin America

Brazil [8, 30], Mexico [47]

Tools to detect IPV during pregnancy

  WHO’s domestic violence questionnaire

12 studies [28,29,30,31, 33, 35, 37,38,39, 42, 45, 50]

  Abuse Assessment Screen

2 studies [43, 44]

  Conflict Tactics Scale

1 study [36]

  Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2)

1 study [8]

  Hurt, Insult, Threaten and Scream

1 study [46]

  Stressful Life Events Scale

1 study [47]

  Composite Abuse Scale - Short Form (CAS-SF)

1 study [32]

  Their own questionnaires

6 studies [27, 34, 40, 41, 48, 49]