Table 3 Hierarchical Logistic regression predicting moderate to severe anxiety symptoms from demographic, medical, and COVID-19 related variables (N = 4,303)

Demographic Characteristics

 Participant Race/Ethnicity

  White, non-Hispanic

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Black/African American

0.67

0.44, 1.68

0.99

0.45, 2.16

0.98

0.42, 2.29

  Hispanic/Latinx

0.95

0.65, 1.40

1.22

0.73, 2.05

1.08

0.62,1.89

  Asian

1.14

0.66, 1.97

1.62

0.84, 3.20

1.33

0.63, 2.80

  Native American

3.74

0.90, 15.52

3.64

0.63, 21.19

3.14

0.44, 22.51

  Pacific Islander

 < 0.001

 < 0.001, > 999.999

 < 0.001

 < 0.001, > 999.999

 < 0.001

 < 0.001, > 999.999

 Participant Age

  18–30

Ref

Ref

Ref

  31–35

0.90

0.69, 1.17

0.86

0.59, 1.25

0.88

0.58, 1.32

  36–40

0.72

0.51, 1.01

0.75

0.48, 1.17

0.73

0.45, 1.18

  41 + 

0.95

0.55, 1.63

1.07

0.55, 2.06

1.20

0.59, 2.45

 Household Income

   < $99,999

Ref

Ref

Ref

  $100,000–250,999

0.60***

0.46, 0.79

0.68*

0.47, 0.98

0.79

0.53, 1.18

  $251,000 + 

0.76

0.51, 1.13

0.85

0.49, 1.44

0.98

0.55, 1.75

 Highest level education completed

  Professional degree

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Master's

1.62*

1.10, 2.40

1.29

0.79, 2.11

1.24

0.74, 2.08

  College

1.46

0.98, 2.18

1.21

0.73, 2.00

1.21

0.71, 2.07

   < College

2.58***

1.64, 4.07

2.21**

1.25, 3.89

1.85

1.00, 3.45

 Pre-pregnancy insurance

  Private Insurance

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Other (including Medi-Cal, Tricare, other)

1.21

0.83, 1.75

1.26

0.79, 2.01

1.11

0.65, 1.88

 Partnership status

  Married or Partnered

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Unpartnered

1.60*

1.02, 2.52

1.46

0.82, 2.60

1.30

0.69, 2.46

 Employment status

  Full-time

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Other (part-time, homemaker, unemployed)

0.96

0.69, 1.34

0.88

0.59, 1.32

0.83

0.53, 1.30

 Employed in health care

  Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

  No

1.28*

1.01, 1.62

1.22

0.89, 1.66

1.21

0.86, 1.70

 Obstetric and Medical history

  History of prior miscarriage

   No

Ref

Ref

   Yes

1.27

0.94, 1.72

1.26

0.91, 1.73

  Receipt of care through fertility clinic this pregnancy

   Yes

Ref

Ref

   No

0.74

0.52, 1.06

0.80

0.55, 1.18

  History of anxiety disorder prior to pregnancy

   No

Ref

Ref

   Yes

3.16***

2.23, 4.46

2.49***

1.71, 3.62

  History of depression prior to pregnancy

   No

Ref

Ref

   Yes

1.28

0.89, 1.85

1.17

0.78, 1.74

COVID-19 specific characteristics

 Household contact deceased from COVID-19 since pregnant

  No

Ref

  Yes

9.40**

1.75, 50.43

 Job loss since onset of COVID-19 pandemic

  No

Ref

  Yes

1.27

0.68, 2.37

 Reduced hours at work since onset of COVID-19 pandemic

  No

Ref

  Yes

1.10

0.70, 1.73

 Inability to pay rent or mortgage since onset of COVID-19 pandemic

  No

Ref

  Yes

1.53

0.77, 3.05

 Very or Extremely Worried about COVID-19

  No

Ref

  Yes

2.43***

1.77, 3.33

 Perceived stress over the past month

  Low

Ref

  Moderate-High

6.86***

4.54, 10.36

C = 0.637

C = 0.707

C = 0.828