Table 1 Programs, interventions, and outcomes

Group psychoeducation^a

Delivered in India by local women [57].

Improved depression symptoms.

Improved exclusive breastfeeding rates

Reduced rates of infectious illnesses.

Delivered in China by researchers [58].

Delivered in Iran by unspecified providers [59].

Thinking Healthy Program (adapted cognitive behavioral therapy)

Delivered in rural Pakistan by Community Health Workers (CHWs) [46].

Improved depression symptoms and care seeking.

Improved exclusive breastfeeding rates and reduced rates of child infectious illnesses.

Delivered in India by peers [60].

Improved depression symptoms.

Delivered in slums in Pakistan when delivered in groups by psychologists and combined with child development education [61].

Group cognitive behavioral therapy

Delivered in South Africa by mentor mothers [53].

Improved depression symptoms.

Delivered in Iran by specialists [62].

Improved anxiety symptoms.

Interpersonal psychotherapy

Delivered in China by midwife educators [63, 64].

Improved depression symptoms.

In Uganda, within peer groups with trained facilitators [65].

Newborn care educational program

Delivered in South Africa by local women [66].

Improved depression symptoms.

Improved child weight-for-age.

Delivered in Jamaica by CHWs [67].

Delivered in Nepal by unspecified providers [68].

Improved anxiety symptoms.