From: Antenatal depressive symptoms in rwanda: rates, risk factors, and social support
Women's gestational and health information | Total N (%) | Depressive Symptoms N (%) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gestational age | ||||
 6 months | 142 (35.9) | 37 (26.1) | 0.797 | |
 7 months | 102 (25.8) | 24 (23.5) |  | |
 8 months | 106 (26.8) | 30 (28.3) |  | |
 9 months | 46 (11.6) | 14 (30.4) |  | |
Pregnancy intention | ||||
 Wanted | 296 (74.7) | 52 (17.6) |  < 0.001 | |
 Unwanted | 100 (25.3) | 53 (53) |  | |
Parity (number of children given birth to) | ||||
 0 | 114 (28.8) | 24 (21.1) | 0.040 | |
 1 to 3 | 232 (58.6) | 61 (26.3) |  | |
 4 and more | 50 (12.6) | 20 (40) |  | |
Type of delivery on last pregnancy | ||||
 Normal vaginal delivery | 199 (50.3) | 57 (28.6) | 0.325 | |
 Vaginal delivery with complications | 31 (7.8) | 11 (35.5) |  | |
 Caesarean section | 53 (13.4) | 13 (24.5) |  | |
 N/A (first pregnancy) | 113 (28.5) | 24 (24.2) |  | |
Mothers' perceived health status | ||||
 Poor | 73 (18.4) | 48 (65.8) |  < 0.001 | |
 Neither poor nor good | 174 (43.9) | 48 (27.6) |  | |
 Good | 149 (37.6) | 9 (6) |  | |
Have you lost a child | ||||
 Yes | 58 (14.6) | 19 (32.8) | 0.244 | |
 No | 338 (85.4) | 86 (25.4) |  | |
Size of the family (number of children taken care of) | ||||
 No child | 115 (29.1) | 25 (21.7) | 0.16 | |
 1–3 | 231 (58.3) | 62 (26.8) |  | |
 4 and plus | 50 (12.6) | 18 (36) |  | |
Have you experienced a stressful event (checked off at least 1) | ||||
 Yes | 123 (31.1) | 60 (48.8) |  < 0.001 | |
 No | 273 (68.9) | 45 (16.5) |  | |
Maternal social support | ||||
 1. Husband/partner support | ||||
  No partner | 65 (16.4) | 32 (49.2) |  < 0.001 | |
  Poor support | 109 (27.5) | 59 (54.1) |  | |
  Good support | 289 (72.5) | 46 (16) |  | |
 2. Friend support | ||||
  Poor support | 216 (54.5) | 79 (36.6) |  < 0.001 | |
  Good support | 180 (45.5) | 26 (14.4) |  |