From: Antenatal depressive symptoms in rwanda: rates, risk factors, and social support
Sample and socio-demographic characteristics | Total | Depressive symptoms (EPDS ≥ 12) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | |||
396 (100%) | 105 (26.5%) | |||
Age (Mean: 30.8; SD: 6.58) | ||||
 24 or less | 95 (24) | 28 (29.5) | 0.354 | |
 25–34 | 186 (47) | 43 (23.1) | ||
 35 or more | 115 (29) | 34 (29.6) | ||
Marital status | ||||
 Single/separated/divorced/widow | 65 (16.4) | 32 (49.2) |  < 0.001 | |
 Married | 218 (55.1) | 49 (22.5) |  | |
 Living together as spouses | 113 (28.5) | 24 (21.2) |  | |
Level of education | ||||
 No education | 20 (5.1) | 4 (20) | 0.166 | |
 Primary not completed | 145 (36.6) | 49(33.8) |  | |
 Primary completed | 130 (32.8) | 31 (23.8) |  | |
 High school not completed | 52 (13.1) | 14 (26.9) |  | |
 High school completed | 29 (7.3) | 5 (17.2) |  | |
 Vocational education | 6 (1.5) | 1(16.7) |  | |
 Tertiary | 14 (3.5) | 1 (7.1) |  | |
Women's occupation | ||||
 Farming/cultivating crops | 306 (77.3) | 79 (25.8) | 0.465 | |
 Employed | 39 (9.8) | 9 (23.1) |  | |
 Not employed | 51 (12.9) | 17 (33.3) |  | |
Socio-economic class (Ubudehe) | ||||
 First category (lowest) | 47 (11.9) | 22 (46.8) | 0.010 | |
 Second category | 165 (41.7) | 39 (23.6) |  | |
 Third category | 181 (45.7) | 43 (23.8) |  | |
 Missing | 3 (0.8) | 1 (33.3) |  |