Skip to main content

Table 3 Association between curable STI diagnosis at 1st ANC visit and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women living with and without HIV in South Africa (2016–2019)

From: Impact of aetiological screening of sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in South Africa

 

All women

Women living without HIV (n = 133)

Women living with HIV (n = 486)

 

aComposite adverse outcome

aComposite adverse outcome

aComposite adverse outcome

RR (95% CI)

aRR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

aRR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

aRR (95% CI)

cAny STI at 1st ANC

1.19 (0.89–1.59)

1.26 (0.94–1.68)

1.43 (0.66–3.10)

2.11 (0.89–5.01)

1.12 (0.82–1.52)

1.43 (0.95–2.16)

dAny STI at 1st ANC (C.trachomatis/N.gonorrhoeae)

1.15 (0.85–1.57)

1.24 (0.91–1.68)

1.32 (0.57–3.05)

1.96 (0.72–5.31)

1.10 (0.79–1.53)

1.57 (1.03–2.38)

C. trachomatis during pregnancy

1.13 (0.83–1.55)

1.22 (0.89–1.67)

1.38 (0.60–3.18)

2.01 (0.75–5.33)

1.07 (0.76–1.50)

1.57 (1.04–2.39)

T. vaginalis during pregnancy

1.09 (0.77–1.56)

1.11 (0.78–1.58)

1.27 (0.43–3.76)

1.73 (0.56–5.26)

1.03 (0.71–1.50)

1.06 (0.65–1.74)

N. gonorrhoeae during pregnancy

1.35 (0.81–2.26)

1.48 (0.89–2.44)

1.96 (0.37–10.26)

3.58 (0.58–21.84)

1.25 (0.73–2.15)

1.69 (1.09–3.08)

Coinfection of STIs at 1st ANC

1.06 (0.69–1.63)

1.17 (0.76–1.79)

1.48 (0.41–5.28)

2.96 (0.68–12.80)

0.98 (0.62–1.55)

1.45 (0.86–2.46)

 

bComposite adverse outcome

bComposite adverse outcome

bComposite adverse outcome

RR (95% CI)

aRR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

aRR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI)

aRR (95% CI)

cAny STI at 1st ANC

1.30 (0.94–1.81)

1.34 (0.96–1.87)

1.74 (0.77–3.91)

2.53 (0.99–6.43)

1.20 (0.84–1.71)

1.31 (0.85–2.01)

dAny STI at 1st ANC (C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae)

1.23 (0.87–1.74)

1.28 (0.89–1.82)

1.56 (0.65–3.70)

2.20 (0.76–6.35)

1.15 (0.79–1.68)

1.45 (0.92–2.27)

C. trachomatis during pregnancy

1.19 (0.83–169)

1.24 (0.86–1.79)

1.63 (0.69–3.86)

2.27 (0.81–6.35)

1.09 (0.74–1.62)

1.43 (0.91–2.25)

T. vaginalis during pregnancy

1.18 (0.80–1.75)

1.18 (0.79–1.75)

1.46 (0.48–4.38)

1.94 (0.61–6.41)

1.11 (0.73–1.69)

1.02 (0.60–1.73)

N. gonorrhoeae during pregnancy

1.52 (0.88–2.64)

1.59 (0.93–2.72)

2.22 (0.42–11.71)

3.37 (0.54–20.79)

1.41 (0.79–2.53)

1.62 (0.85–3.11)

Coinfection of STIs at 1st ANC

1.17 (0.73–1.87)

1.22 (0.76–1.96)

1.69 (0.47–6.08)

2.95 (0.68–12.73)

1.08 (0.65–1.78)

1.45 (0.83–2.54)

eAny STI at 1st postnatal visit

0.89 (0.44–1.82)

0.90 (0.45–1.80)

–

–

0.90 (0.44–1.82)

0.90 (0.45–1.79)

  1. RR relative risk, aRR adjusted relative risk, STI sexually transmitted infection, CI confidence interval, ANC antenatal care
  2. Modified Poisson regression with robust error measurements was used to calculate RR and aRR adjusting for maternal age, gestational age at enrolment, employment, marital status, gravidity and CD4 count at enrolment for women living with HIV
  3. STIs refers to C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis and N. gonorrhoeae
  4. aComposite adverse outcome combines low birthweight< 2500 g, preterm birth, miscarriage, stillbirth and early neonatal death
  5. bComposite adverse outcome combines low birthweight< 2500 g, preterm birth, stillbirth and early neonatal death, excluding miscarriage
  6. cAny STI at 1st ANC is the exposure of interest
  7. dAny STI at 1st ANC excluding T. vaginalis is the exposure of interest
  8. eAny STI at 1st postnatal visit excluding women who experienced pregnancy losses
Back to article page

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

Contact us