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Table 2 Delivery outcomes in planned vaginal and planned caesarean delivery N = 204

From: Planned vaginal and planned cesarean delivery outcomes in pregnancies complicated with pregestational type 1 diabetes – A three-year academic tertiary hospital cohort study

 

Planned vaginal delivery

Planned caesarean delivery

p-value

n = 122

%

n = 82

%

Vaginal delivery

74

60.7

0

  

Operative vaginal delivery

15

12.3

0

  

Emergency caesarean section

48

39.3

5

6.1

< 0.001

 Fetal distress

24

50.0

0

  

 Labor arrest

23

47.9

0

  

 Preeclampsia

1

2.1

5

6.1

 

Induction of labor

104

85.2

NA

  

 Vaginal delivery in induced labor

61

58.7

NA

  

 Failed induction

15

14.4

NA

  

Preterm delivery (≤ 36 + 6 weeks)

78

63.9

41

50.0

0.05

Birthweight [mean (SD)]

3668

444

3965

583

< 0.001

Fetal macrosomiaa

36

29.5

46

56.1

< 0.001

Birthweight ≥4500 g

2

1.6

15

18.3

<  0.001

Number of women with composite adverse maternal outcomeb

32

26.2

24

29.3

0.63

Number of instances of maternal morbidity

38

31.15

25

30.5

0.66

 Maternal death

0

 

0

  

 Admission to intensive care

0

 

0

  

 Uterine rupture

0

 

0

  

 Hysterectomy

0

 

0

  

 Post-partum hemorrhage ≥1000 ml

21

17.2

14

17.1

0.98

 Preeclampsia

8

6.6

7

8.5

 

 Maternal infection

9

7.4

4

4.9

0.47

  Intrapartum infection

4

3.3

0

0.0

0.10

  Post-partum infection

5

4.1

4

4.9

0.79

Sphincter injury

1

0.8

NA

  

Maternal birth experience on visual analog scale (VAS) score < 5

15

13.2

4

5.1

0.07

Number of neonates with composite adverse perinatal outcomec

36

29.5

43

52.4

0.001

Number of events of perinatal morbidity

58

47.5

50

61.0

<  0.001

 Stillbirth

0

 

0

  

 Neonatal death

0

 

0

  

 Shoulder dystocia

4

3.3

0

  

 Birth injury

3

2.5

0

  

 Respiratory distress

28

23.0

40

48.8

0.58

 Neonatal seizures

1

0.8

0

  

 Umbilical artery blood pH ≤ 7.05

5

4.1

1

1.2

0.23

 Umbilical artery blood BE ≤12

3

2.5

0

  

  5-min Apgar-score 7 or less

14

11.5

9

11.0

0.97

 Neonatal infection

0

0.0

0

0.0

 

Neonatal intensive care unit admission

63

51.6

56

68.3

0.02

 Respiratory distress

28

23.0

40

48.8

< 0.001

 Hypoglycemia

12

9.8

5

6.1

0.36

 Prematurity

21

17.2

10

12.2

0.38

 Asphyxia

2

1.6

   

 Heart anomaly

0

 

1

1.2

 
  1. a Fetal macrosomia defined as growth above 90th percentile for the given gestational age or the absolute birthweight of ≥4500 g
  2. bAdverse maternal outcome composite included maternal death, admission to intensive care unit, uterine rupture, hysterectomy, post-partum hemorrhage ≥1000 ml, preeclampsia, shoulder dystocia, and maternal intrapartum or post-partum infection
  3. cAdverse perinatal outcome composite included stillbirth, neonatal death, birth injury, respiratory distress, neonatal seizures, umbilical artery blood pH ≤ 7.05 at birth, umbilical artery blood base excess (BE) ≤ 12, 5-min Apgar-score 7 or less, and neonatal infection