Planned vaginal and planned cesarean delivery outcomes in pregnancies complicated with pregestational type 1 diabetes – A three-year academic tertiary hospital cohort study

Table 1 Characteristics and the modified White classification [10] of the study population N = 204

	Planned vaginal delivery		Planned caesarean delivery		p-value
	n = 122	%	n = 82	%	p-value
Nulliparous	70	57.4	32	39,0	0.01
Maternal age ≥ 35	26	21.3	24	29.3	0.20
Maternal height < 164 cm	22	26.8	36	29.5	0.68
Pre-pregnancy BMI ≥30	16	13.1	16	19.5	0.22
Previous caesarean section	17	13.9	46	56.1	< 0.001
Previous vaginal delivery	38	31.1	5	6.1	< 0.001
Smoking	13	10.7	7	8.5	0.62
IVF	4	3.3	3	3.7	0.88
Induction of labor	104	85.2	NA
Onset age of DM1
< 10 years	42	34.4	33	40.2	0.40
10–19 years	49	40.2	35	42.7	0.72
≥ 20 years	31	25.4	14	17.1	0.16
Duration of DM1
< 10 years	34	27.9	11	13.4	0.02
10–19 years	38	31.1	28	34.1	0.65
≥ 20 years	50	41.0	43	52.4	0.11
Diabetes complications
Retinopathy	54	44.3	55	67.1	0.001
Proliferative retinopathy	2	1.6	5	6.1	0.12
Nephropathy	4	3.3	3	3.7	0.88
Neuropathy	1	0.8	5	6.1	0.04
Pregestational hypertension	3	2.5	4	4.9	0.35
Preeclampsia	8	6.6	7	8.5	0.60
The Modified White Class
Class B^a	22	18.0	7	8.5	0.06
Class C^b	26	21.3	9	11.0	0.06
Class D^c	68	55.7	60	73.2	0.01
Class R^d	2	1.6	3	3.7	0.36
Class F^e	4	3.3	1	1.2	0.35
Class RF^f	0	0	2	2.4	0.16
Class “Vascular complication” ^g	6	4,9	6	7,3	0.45

^aClass B; Onset age ≥ 20 years or duration < 10 years, no complications
^bClass C; Onset age 10–19 years or duration 10–19 years, no complications
^cClass D; Onset age of < 10 years or duration ≥20 years, background retinopathy or hypertension
^dClass R; Proliferative retinopathy or vitreous haemorrhage
^eClass F; Nephropathy with over 500 mg/dl proteinuria
^fClass RF; Criteria for both Classes R and F coexist
^gClass “Vascular”; Classes F, R, RF, and H were combined to create a “Vascular” class

ISSN: 1471-2393