Table 2 Major obvious obstetric factors considered as association with cerebral palsy

Maternal characteristics

 Age (yrs)

31.6 ± 5.4

31.2 ± 5.1

0.544

 Height (cm)

157.4 ± 5.8

157.6 ± 5.6

0.761

 Weight at beginning of pregnancy (kg)

52.5 ± 7.8

53.6 ± 9.6

0.186

 BMI (kg/m²)

21.2 ± 2.9

21.6 ± 3.8

0.210

 Weight at delivery (kg)

62.6 ± 8.2

63.3 ± 9.3

0.392

 Weight gain (kg)

10.2 ± 3.9

9.9 ± 4.0

0.380

 Parity (median, range)

0 (0–4)

0 (0–5)

0.621

 In vitro fertilization

4.6%

(6)

3.4%

(29)

0.516

Delivery characteristics

 Premature rupture of the membranes (% (n))

23.7%

(31)

23.2%

(195)

0.899

 Use of a cervical ripening balloon

16.8%

(22)

5.9%

(50)

 < 0.001

 Augmentation (% (n))

35.1%

(46)

29.3%

(247)

0.180

 Uterine fundal pressure (% (n))

20.6%

(27)

17.9%

(151)

0.461

Mode

 Normal spontaneous (% (n))

18.3%

(24)

37.6%

(317)

 < 0.001

 Instrumental (% (n))

16.8%

(22)

14.3%

(120)

0.443

 Elective CS (% (n))

0.0%

(0)

4.2%

(35)

0.017

 Emergency CS (% (n))

61.1%

(80)

43.9%

(370)

 < 0.001

Delivery at

 Hospital (% (n))

56.4%

(74)

62.6%

(527)

0.181

 Clinic (% (n))

38.9%

(51)

36.6%

(308)

0.604

 Midwifery home (% (n))

0.8%

(1)

0.8%

(7)

1.000

 Maternal transport after onset of labor (% (n))

6.9%

(9)

10.0%

(84)

0.261

Neonatal outcomes

 Gestational weeks

38.6 ± 1.9

38.3 ± 3.1

0.790

 Birth weight (g)

2861 ± 449

2858 ± 448

0.950

 Birth weight (SD)

-0.31 ± 0.99

-0.17 ± 1.03

0.144

 Male (% (n))

54.8%

(69)

56.3%

(474)

0.437

 Apgar score at 1 min (median, range)

1 (0–10)

3 (0–10)

 < 0.001

  < 7

93.1%

(122)

67.3%

(567)

 < 0.001

  < 4

76.3%

(100)

53.4%

(450)

 < 0.001

 Apgar score at 5 min (median, range)

3 (0–10)

5 (0–10)

 < 0.001

  < 7

79.4%

(104)

56.1%

(472)

 < 0.001

  < 4

48.9%

(64)

31.6%

(266)

 < 0.001

 Umbilical artery pH (mean, SD)

7.034 ± 0.228

7.053 ± 0.280

0.534

  < 7.2

42.7%

(56)

38.0%

(320)

0.300

  < 7.0

26.7%

(35)

27.1%

(228)

0.931