Table 3 Women’s psychological health during pregnancy according to their socioeconomic characteristics among women giving birth in France in 2016
Poor psychological health (self-assessed) | Sadness for 2 consecutive weeks | Loss of interest for 2 consecutive weeks | Depressive symptoms (sadness & loss of interest) | Poor psychological health & depressive symptoms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 10.1 | 24.0 | 15.5 | 12.5 | 4.5 |
Mother age (in years) | 0.0033 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.0004 |
18–19 | 11.1 | 28.5 | 24.5 | 15.9 | 7.3 |
20–24 | 10.8 | 30.6 | 24.8 | 16.6 | 5.7 |
25–29 | 9.3 | 23.1 | 18.7 | 11.9 | 4.0 |
30–34 | 9.7 | 21.9 | 16.1 | 10.9 | 3.8 |
35–39 | 10.7 | 24.4 | 17.6 | 13.2 | 5.3 |
≥ 40 | 15.9 | 27.9 | 19.4 | 14.8 | 7.6 |
Parity | < 0.0001 | 0.0235 | 0.0002 | 0.0063 | 0.0004 |
0 | 8.2 | 24.1 | 19.3 | 12.7 | 4.1 |
1 | 10.0 | 23.0 | 16.5 | 11.2 | 4.1 |
2 | 12.2 | 24.3 | 19.3 | 13.5 | 5.5 |
≥ 3 | 18 | 28.1 | 22.1 | 15.1 | 7.0 |
Live with a partner | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 9.1 | 22.3 | 16.9 | 11.3 | 3.9 |
No | 21.7 | 42.2 | 27.6 | 25.1 | 11.4 |
Country of birth | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
France | 9.1 | 22.4 | 16.7 | 11.0 | 4.0 |
Other European country | 9.2 | 22.1 | 16.7 | 12.0 | 4.2 |
North African | 14.6 | 30.2 | 26.9 | 18.4 | 7.1 |
Other African country | 17.7 | 41.4 | 35.7 | 26.7 | 9.6 |
Other country | 13.7 | 28.4 | 23.1 | 16.1 | 4.5 |
Level of education | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
< high school | 13.6 | 29.4 | 23.1 | 15.5 | 6.1 |
High school or technical degree | 11.7 | 26.6 | 20.9 | 14.5 | 5.6 |
1–2 years > high school | 10.0 | 23.2 | 19.3 | 11.8 | 3.8 |
3 years > high school | 8.2 | 19.5 | 14.8 | 9.9 | 3.7 |
5 years + > high school | 5.9 | 18.9 | 12.2 | 8.8 | 2.8 |
Health coverage at beginning of pregnancy | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
National health insurance | 8.9 | 22.4 | 16.9 | 11.2 | 3.9 |
Insurance for low income/ undocumented or none | 16.8 | 33.4 | 27.6 | 19.7 | 8.1 |
Monthly household resources | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
< 1000 euros | 18.8 | 37.0 | 29.5 | 21.6 | 9.6 |
1000–1499 euros | 13.2 | 29.8 | 24.0 | 16.8 | 5.5 |
1500–2000 euros | 11.1 | 25.5 | 22.3 | 13.6 | 5.2 |
1999–3000 euros | 9.5 | 24.8 | 18.5 | 12.9 | 4.6 |
2999–4000 euros | 8.3 | 19.4 | 14.2 | 9.2 | 3.1 |
4000 euros or more | 6.3 | 18.2 | 12.7 | 8.3 | 2.6 |
History of abortion | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | 0.0003 | < 0.0001 |
0 | 9.3 | 22.6 | 17.4 | 11.7 | 4.1 |
1 | 12.1 | 28.7 | 23.2 | 15.0 | 5.1 |
2 | 18.8 | 35.8 | 22.0 | 16.3 | 8.6 |
3 or more | 22.2 | 32.9 | 27.5 | 19.0 | 10.1 |
Chronic pre-pregnancy medical conditions | 0.0692 | 0.07 | 0.0018 | 0.0579 | 0.31 |
Yes | 13.5 | 28.7 | 25.9 | 16.3 | 5.8 |
No | 10.0 | 23.9 | 18.2 | 12.3 | 4.5 |