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Table 1 Characteristics and dietary intake of participants according to quartile of total cholesterol intake

From: Correction to: Dietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective study from Southwest China

Characteristic

Overall

Quartile of total cholesterol intake(mg/d)

P -value

Q1(≤186.0)

Q2(186.1-332.0)

Q3(332.1-464.0)

Q4(>464.0)

N

1617

408

404

401

404

 

Age, years (mean, SD)

28.6

4.1

28.0

3.8

28.5

3.9

29.0

4.4

28.9

4.1

0.001

Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 (mean, SD)

21.1

3.1

21.2

3.2

21.1

3.1

21.3

3.0

20.9

3.0

0.249

Parity (N, %)

 Primiparous

1157

71.6

290

71.1

286

70.8

293

73.1

288

71.3

0.890

 Multiparous

460

28.4

118

28.9

118

29.2

108

26.9

116

28.7

 

Family history of diabetes (N, %)

162

10.0

40

9.8

40

9.9

41

10.2

41

10.1

0.997

Education (N, %)

 High school or lower

387

23.9

103

25.2

109

27.0

96

23.9

79

19.6

<0.001

 Junior college

590

36.5

175

42.9

135

33.4

146

36.4

134

33.2

 

 University or higher

640

39.6

130

31.9

160

39.6

159

39.7

191

47.3

 

Monthly income of the family per capita, yuan (N, %)

 ≤5000

535

33.1

147

36.0

125

30.9

134

33.4

129

31.9

0.215

 5000~9999

743

45.9

192

47.1

191

47.3

184

45.9

176

43.6

 

 ≥10000

339

21.0

69

16.9

88

21.8

83

20.7

99

24.5

 

Smoking before pregnancy (N, %)

61

3.8

17

4.2

10

2.5

12

3.0

22

5.5

0.119

Alcohol consumption before pregnancy (N, %)

131

8.1

34

8.3

23

5.7

28

7.0

46

11.4

0.021

WGPO, kg (mean, SD)

6.20

3.31

5.64

3.26

6.43

3.25

6.27

3.26

6.44

3.40

0.001

Physical activity, MET-h wk-1 (mean, SD)

106.8

46.4

105.3

48.8

108.7

49.0

105.8

41.9

107.4

45.5

0.710

Plasma TG, mmol/L (mean, SD)

1.32

0.50

1.30

0.47

1.31

0.45

1.36

0.52

1.30

0.57

0.257

Plasma TC, mmol/L (mean, SD)

4.14

0.64

4.05

0.66

4.13

0.61

4.17

0.63

4.21

0.67

0.002

Plasma LDL-C, mmol/L (mean, SD)

2.05

0.9

2.03

0.52

2.05

0.48

2.06

0.48

2.04

0.48

0.932

Plasma HDL-C, mmol/L (mean, SD)

1.67

0.34

1.60

0.34

1.66

0.34

1.68

0.32

1.75

0.35

<0.001

GDM (N, %)

571

35.3

118

28.9

146

36.1

151

37.7

156

38.6

0.016

Dietary intake

 Eggs, number/d (mean, SD)

0.71

0.58

0.12

0.21

0.49

0.29

0.89

0.31

1.34

0.56

<0.001

 Red meats, g/d (mean, SD)

59.5

50.5

39.3

39.0

59.5

41.7

61.0

51.1

78.3

59.7

<0.001

 Poultry, g/d (mean, SD)

12.5

29.2

6.3

17.7

11.2

22.4

13.5

29.2

19.3

40.8

<0.001

 Fish/shellfish, g/d (mean, SD)

18.6

41.8

6.9

19.3

14.1

33.5

17.6

41.6

35.8

57.8

<0.001

 Total dairy products, g/d (mean, SD)

138.5

132.8

93.8

116.2

132.6

129.5

149.4

124.7

178.7

145.0

<0.001

 Animal organs, g/d (mean, SD)

5.4

17.3

3.2

14.8

4.6

11.5

4.5

13.6

9.1

25.4

<0.001

 Dietary glycaemic load, g/d (mean, SD)

153.3

59.4

147.3

58.7

152.7

53.6

158.4

67.6

154.8

56.7

0.061

 Energy intake, kcal/d (mean, SD)

1848.1

530.5

1600.1

486.6

1819.1

510.2

1901.2

475.4

2074.9

535.9

<0.001

 Saturated fat, unsaturated fat, g/d (mean, SD)

68.8

24.8

53.0

19.1

66.6

23.5

72.0

20.3

83.6

25.6

<0.001

 Animal protein, g/d (mean, SD)

25.4

15.4

12.8

8.2

22.7

10.4

27.3

12.2

39.1

16.4

<0.001

 Fibre, g/d (mean, SD)

12.9

6.3

11.9

6.5

12.9

6.7

13.0

5.8

13.7

5.9

<0.001

  1. BMI body mass index, WGPO Weight gain from pregnancy to OGTT, TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, MET metabolic equivalent