From: Correlates of Canadian mothers’ anger during the postpartum period: a cross-sectional survey
Characteristic | All Participants N = 278 Mean, SD / n (%) | Anger Levela | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Less Intense N = 193; n (%) | Intense N = 85; n (%) | ||||
Age | Range 23-44 years | 32.6 ± 3.8 | 32.6 ± 3.7 | 32.7 ± 4.1 | 0.97 |
Infant age | Range 6-12 months | 8.6 ± 1.9 | 8.5 ± 2.0 | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 0.43 |
Infant sex | Male | 148 (53.4) | 105 (54.4) | 43 (50.6) | 0.72 |
Partnered | Yes | 275 (98.9) | 192 (99.5) | 83 (97.6) | 0.46 |
Parity | Primiparous | 149 (53.6) | 1.5 (0.73) | 1.8 (0.76) | <0.01 |
Multiparous | 128 (45.0) | ||||
Unknown | 1 (<1) | ||||
Employment | Yes | 50 (18.0) | 31 (16.1) | 19 (22.4) | 0.28 |
Immigrant | Yes | 41 (14.7) | 33 (17.1) | 8 (9.5) | 0.14 |
Education | Postgraduate | 81 (29.1) | 64 (33.2) | 17 (20.0) | <0.01 |
University | 122 (43.9) | 84 (43.5) | 38 (44.7) | ||
College | 62 (22.3) | 41 (21.2) | 21 (24.7) | ||
High School | 13 (4.7) | 4 (2.1) | 9 (10.6) | ||
Household income | >$110K | 134 (48.2) | 104 (53.9) | 30 (35.3) | 0.01 |
$90,000-109,999 | 60 (21.7) | 37 (19.2) | 23 (27.1) | ||
$60,000-89,999 | 60 (21.7) | 40 (20.7) | 20 (23.5) | ||
<$60,000 | 23 (8.3) | 11 (5.7) | 12 (14.1) | ||
Unknown | 1 (<1) | ||||
Anger (SAS) | Range 15-53 | 24 ± 7.6 | 20.0 ± 3.5 | 33 ± 6.3 | < 0.01 |
Depressive symptoms (EPDS) | Range 0-21 | 9.3 ± 4.7 | 8.2 ± 4.4 | 11.8 ± 4.3 | < 0.01 |
EPDS score >12 | Yes | 73 (26.0) | 34 (46.6) | 39 (53.4) | < 0.01 |
Sleep Quality (SQ) | Range 1-4 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.6 | < 0.01 |
Poor sleep | Yes | 144 (52.0) | 85 (44.0) | 59 (69.4) | < 0.01 |
Fatigue (MAF) | Range 7-45 | 30.3 ± 8.5 | 28.5 ± 8.7 | 34 ± 6.4 | < 0.01 |
Infant sleep problem (BISQ) | Yes | 194 (69.8) | 122 (62.3) | 72 (84.7) | < 0.01 |
Maternal cognitions about infant sleep (MCISQ total) | Range 5-69 | 34.9 ± 12.7 | 33 ± 12.7 | 39 ± 2.0 | < 0.01 |
Anger (subscale) | 6.4 ± 3.9 | 5.5 ± 3.5 | 8.5 ± 4.0 | < 0.01 | |
Limit Setting (subscale) | 14.9 ± 6.0 | 14.7 ± 6.1 | 15.5 ± 5.6 | 0.26 | |
Doubts (subscale) | 7.0 ± 4.5 | 6.5 ± 4.3 | 8.1 ± 4.6 | < 0.01 | |
Safety (subscale) | 3.2 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 2.4 | 3.6 ± 2.4 | 0.07 | |
Feeding (subscale) | 6.5 ± 3.7 | 6.3 ± 3.8 | 7.0 ± 3.3 | 0.12 | |
Family support total score (FSS) | 44.8 (9.4) | 44.8 ± 9.4 | 44.7 ± 9.4 | 45.0 ± 9.4 | 0.82 |