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Table 1 Sample characteristics

From: Correlates of Canadian mothers’ anger during the postpartum period: a cross-sectional survey

Characteristic

All Participants

N = 278

Mean, SD / n (%)

Anger Levela

P-value

Less Intense

N = 193; n (%)

Intense

N = 85; n (%)

Age

Range 23-44 years

32.6 ± 3.8

32.6 ± 3.7

32.7 ± 4.1

0.97

Infant age

Range 6-12 months

8.6 ± 1.9

8.5 ± 2.0

8.7 ± 1.9

0.43

Infant sex

Male

148 (53.4)

105 (54.4)

43 (50.6)

0.72

Partnered

Yes

275 (98.9)

192 (99.5)

83 (97.6)

0.46

Parity

Primiparous

149 (53.6)

1.5 (0.73)

1.8 (0.76)

<0.01

Multiparous

128 (45.0)

   

Unknown

1 (<1)

   

Employment

Yes

50 (18.0)

31 (16.1)

19 (22.4)

0.28

Immigrant

Yes

41 (14.7)

33 (17.1)

8 (9.5)

0.14

Education

Postgraduate

81 (29.1)

64 (33.2)

17 (20.0)

<0.01

University

122 (43.9)

84 (43.5)

38 (44.7)

 

College

62 (22.3)

41 (21.2)

21 (24.7)

 

High School

13 (4.7)

4 (2.1)

9 (10.6)

 

Household income

>$110K

134 (48.2)

104 (53.9)

30 (35.3)

0.01

$90,000-109,999

60 (21.7)

37 (19.2)

23 (27.1)

 

$60,000-89,999

60 (21.7)

40 (20.7)

20 (23.5)

<$60,000

23 (8.3)

11 (5.7)

12 (14.1)

Unknown

1 (<1)

  

Anger (SAS)

Range 15-53

24 ± 7.6

20.0 ± 3.5

33 ± 6.3

< 0.01

Depressive symptoms (EPDS)

Range 0-21

9.3 ± 4.7

8.2 ± 4.4

11.8 ± 4.3

< 0.01

 EPDS score >12

Yes

73 (26.0)

34 (46.6)

39 (53.4)

< 0.01

Sleep Quality (SQ)

Range 1-4

2.6 ± 0.7

2.4 ± 0.7

2.8 ± 0.6

< 0.01

 Poor sleep

Yes

144 (52.0)

85 (44.0)

59 (69.4)

< 0.01

Fatigue (MAF)

Range 7-45

30.3 ± 8.5

28.5 ± 8.7

34 ± 6.4

< 0.01

Infant sleep problem (BISQ)

Yes

194 (69.8)

122 (62.3)

72 (84.7)

< 0.01

Maternal cognitions about infant sleep (MCISQ total)

Range 5-69

34.9 ± 12.7

33 ± 12.7

39 ± 2.0

< 0.01

 Anger (subscale)

 

6.4 ± 3.9

5.5 ± 3.5

8.5 ± 4.0

< 0.01

 Limit Setting (subscale)

 

14.9 ± 6.0

14.7 ± 6.1

15.5 ± 5.6

0.26

 Doubts (subscale)

 

7.0 ± 4.5

6.5 ± 4.3

8.1 ± 4.6

< 0.01

 Safety (subscale)

 

3.2 ± 2.4 

2.9 ± 2.4

3.6 ± 2.4

0.07

 Feeding (subscale)

 

6.5 ± 3.7 

6.3 ± 3.8

7.0 ± 3.3

0.12

Family support total score (FSS)

44.8 (9.4)

44.8 ± 9.4

44.7 ± 9.4

45.0 ± 9.4

0.82

  1. aState Anger Scale raw score of 27 (90th percentile). Note: BISQ Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, FSS Family Support Scale, MAF Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, MCISQ Maternal Cognitions about Infant Sleep, SAS State Anger Scale, SQ Sleep Quality