Table 3 Unadjusted logistic regression model of the association between the explanatory variables and antenatal care visits and institutional delivery, 2018 Nigeria DHS

Decision on respondent's healthcare

 Husband/partner alone and other (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Respondent and partner

1.57(1.45–1.70)***

3.16(2.92–3.42)***

3.49(3.28–3.72)***

 Respondent alone

1.39(1.22–1.58))***

4.53(4.05–5.08)***

3.03(2.73–3.35)***

Decision on large household purchase

 Husband/partner alone and other (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Respondent and partner

1.59(1.47–1.72)***

2.60(2.41–2.80)***

3.06(2.88–3.26)***

 Respondent alone

1.57(1.34–1.85)***

3.19(2.75–3.69)***

3.63(3.16–4.16)***

Decision on how to spend respondent's Earnings

 Husband/partner alone and other (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Respondent and partner

1.17(0.97–1.40)

2.92(2.42–3.53)***

3.20(2.76–3.71)***

 Respondent alone

0.75(0.64–0.89)**

1.71(1.43–2.03)***

1.15(1.02–1.31)*

Decision on visits to family or relatives

 Husband/partner alone and other (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Respondent and partner

1.58(1.45–1.71)***

2.53(2.33–2.74)***

2.77(2.60–2.95)***

 Respondent alone

1.36(1.20–1.53)***

2.76(2.47–3.09)***

2.28(2.08–2.50)***

Age

 15 – 24(Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 25 – 34

1.05(0.95–1.15)

1.44(1.34–1.54)***

1.55(1.44–1.66)***

 35 + 

1.00(0.90–1.11)

1.39(1.29–1.50)***

1.52(1.44–1.66)***

Educational attainment

 No education (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primary

1.60(1.42–1.80)***

3.28(3.02–3.57)***

4.46(4.08–4.89)***

 Secondary or higher

2.31(2.11–2.53)***

7.89(7.35–8.47)***

14.42(13.42–15.55)***

Employment status

 Not working (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 currently working

1.36(1.25–1.48)***

2.05(1.93–2.17)***

2.17(2.04–2.31)***

Wealth quintile

 Lowest (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Middle

1.24(1.11–1.37)***

2.81(2.60–3.03)***

3.68(3.40–3.99)***

 Highest

1.73(1.59–1.89)***

7.09(6.58–7.64)***

11.66(10.82–12.57)***

Place of residence

 Urban (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Rural

0.85(0.79–0.91)***

0.30(0.28–0.31)***

0.25(0.23–0.26)***

Region

 North-central (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

1.00

 North-east

0.52(0.46–0.59)***

0.58(0.53–0.64)***

0.31(0.28–0.34)***

 North-west

0.31(0.27–0.35)***

0.51(0.47–0.55)***

0.17(0.15–0.18)***

 South-east

1.04(0.91–1.17)

4.33(3.77–4.97)***

4.18(3.67–4.75)***

 South-south

0.79(0.68–0.91)***

1.58(1.40–1.78)***

1.00(0.89–1.12)

 South-west

1.05(0.93–1.18)

5.76(4.98–6.67)***

4.43(3.90–5.03)***