Table 3 Adjusted relative risk ratios for the associations between several maternal hardships and food security status, adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics among postpartum women with incomes ≤ 400% FPG in California, 2010 – 2012 (n = 14,274)

Maternal Hardships

 Separated or divorced

0.67^a

0.47

0.95

1.08

0.79

1.48

0.85

0.56

1.29

 Husband / Partner lost job

2.12^c

1.57

2.87

2.30 ^c

1.82

2.91

2.74 ^c

2.00

3.76

 Depressive Symptoms

1.75^c

1.36

2.23

1.7 2 ^c

1.40

2.11

3.26 ^c

2.46

4.32

 No Practical Support

1.72^c

1.25

2.37

1.38 ^a

1.02

1.87

1.81 ^b

1.22

2.70

 Inter-partner Violence

1.61^a

1.09

2.38

1.73 ^c

1.31

2.27

2.65 ^c

1.86

3.79

 Respondent lost job

1.33

0.94

1.87

1.80 ^c

1.37

2.38

1.90 ^c

1.29

2.82

 No Emotional Support

0.81

0.55

1.19

1.29

0.94

1.76

1.64 ^a

1.07

2.52

 Respondent/Someone close went to jail

1.23

0.76

2.00

1.33

0.88

2.00

2.01 ^b

1.29

3.12

 Homeless or did not have a regular place to sleep

0.85

0.40

1.81

0.96

0.51

1.82

1.98 ^a

1.08

3.63

 Someone close had a problem with drugs or alcohol

1.21

0.86

1.72

1.31

0.96

1.79

1.23

0.82

1.84

Maternal Age

 30–34 vs. 35 + 

1.42

0.99

2.03

0.88

0.65

1.21

1.46

0.88

2.42

 25–29 vs. 35 + 

1.56^b

1.12

2.17

0.93

0.69

1.25

1.44

0.91

2.30

 20–24 vs. 35 + 

1.43

1.00

2.06

0.89

0.65

1.22

1.04

0.64

1.69

 15–19 vs. 35 + 

1.58

0.97

2.57

0.99

0.66

1.49

0.79

0.46

1.36

Education

 Some college vs. ≥ College

2.01^c

1.42

2.85

1.40

0.96

2.03

1.34

0.75

2.38

 High school/GED vs. ≥ College

1.87^b

1.27

2.75

1.24

0.83

1.84

1.17

0.63

2.17

  ≤ High School vs. ≥ College

1.96^c

1.29

2.97

1.61 ^a

1.07

2.42

1.36

0.73

2.54

Language spoken at home

 Spanish vs. English

0.91

0.61

1.36

0.80

0.57

1.13

0.42 ^b

0.24

0.74

 Other vs. English

1.13

0.84

1.52

0.88

0.64

1.19

0.77

0.50

1.19

Number of people living off of the household income

 3–4 vs. ≤ 2

1.00

0.79

1.26

0.92

0.75

1.13

1.39 ^a

1.02

1.90

 ≥ 5 vs. ≤ 2

0.92

0.66

1.27

1.08

0.81

1.43

1.72 ^b

1.16

2.53

Insurance Coverage

 Private vs. Medi-Cal

0.94

0.69

1.27

0.97

0.74

1.28

0.81

0.51

1.30

 Uninsured vs. Medi-Cal

1.35

0.77

2.37

1.32

0.71

2.46

1.33

0.71

2.49

 Other vs. Medi-Cal

0.90

0.45

1.79

0.56 ^a

0.35

0.88

0.62

0.27

1.41

Household Income (% of poverty Guidelines)

 201 – 300% vs. 301 – 400%

1.13

0.65

1.96

1.61

0.85

3.06

5.04 ^b

1.83

13.89

 101–200% vs. 301 – 400%

1.58

0.96

2.60

3.58 ^c

1.98

6.46

11.21 ^c

4.23

29.70

 0 – 100% vs. 301 – 400%

1.81^a

1.07

3.05

5.18 ^c

2.83

9.48

21.51 ^c

7.86

58.84

Marital Status

 Living with someone vs. Married

1.10

0.84

1.43

1.05

0.85

1.29

1.74 ^b

1.25

2.41

 Single vs. Married

1.53^b

1.11

2.10

0.86

0.66

1.13

1.48

0.96

2.29

Race/Ethnicity

 Latina U.S.-born vs. White

0.99

0.74

1.33

0.93

0.71

1.22

0.72

0.50

1.02

 Latina foreign-born vs. White

1.48

0.99

2.20

1.81 ^c

1.27

2.60

1.40

0.81

2.40

 Black vs. White

0.91

0.61

1.36

0.94

0.64

1.38

0.62

0.37

1.05

 Asian/PI vs. White

1.22

0.81

1.83

1.23

0.83

1.83

1.02

0.60

1.74

Year

 2011 vs. 2010

1.00

0.78

1.29

1.06

0.85

1.32

1.02

0.75

1.39

 2012 v. 2010

0.91

0.71

1.16

0.98

0.78

1.23

0.83

0.61

1.13