Table 2 Sample characteristics and severe maternal hardship by food security status among postpartum women with household incomes ≤ 400% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines in California, MIHA 2010 – 2012 (n = 14,274)

Total

14,273

100

66.2 (64.7, 67.6)

11.4 (10.4, 12.5)

15.8 (14.7, 17.0)

6.6 (5.9, 7.5)

Year

 2010

4835

34.2 (33.3, 35.1)

65.0 (62.4, 67.5)

11.9 (10.3, 13.7)

16.1 (14.3, 18.2)

7.0 (5.7, 8.5)

 2011

4815

33.2 (32.3, 34.2)

65.7 (63.1, 68.2)

11.6 (9.8, 13.6)

16.0 (14.2, 17.9)

6.8 (5.6, 8.1)

 2012

4623

32.6 (31.6, 33.6)

67.9 (65.4, 70.4)

10.7 (9.1, 12.5)

15.2 (13.5, 17.2)

6.1 (4.8, 7.8)

Maternal Age

 15–19

1280

8.4 (7.6, 9.3)

59.0 (53.6, 64.3)

15.7 (11.5, 21.2)

19.1 (15.1, 23.8)

6.2 (4.6,8.1)

 20–24

3784

25.5 (24.2, 26.8)

64.2 (61.4, 66.9)

12.7 (10.8, 14.9)

16.4 (14.5, 18.4)

6.7 (5.5,8.2)

 25–29

4253

29.2 (27.8, 30.6)

65.5 (62.7, 68.1)

11.8 (10.1, 13.7)

15.4 (13.4, 17.5)

7.4 (5.9, 9.2)

 30–34

3073

22.6 (21.3, 24.0)

69.1 (65.7, 72.3)

10.2 (8.2, 12.7)

13.7 (11.6, 16.2)

6.9 (5.1, 9.3)

 35 + 

1883

14.3 (13.3, 15.5)

70.7 (66.9, 74.2)

7.6 (6.0, 9.6)

16.9 (14.0, 20.3)

4.8 (3.4, 6.6)

Education

 < HS

3141

18.1 (16.9, 19.4)

53.6 (50.2, 57.0)

13.5 (11.2, 16.3)

23.6 (20.9, 26.5)

9.3 (7.5, 11.4)

 High school/GED

3664

34.0 (32.6, 35.5)

63.8 (61.0, 66.5)

13.0 (11.2, 15.2)

16.5 (14.5, 18.6)

6.7 (5.4, 8.3)

 Some college

5174

24.4 (23.1, 25.7)

67.4 (65.0, 69.7)

11.9 (10.3, 13.8)

14.1 (12.5, 15.9)

6.6 (5.5, 7.9)

 College grad/ + 

2294

23.5 (22.2, 24.5)

83.5 (80.1, 86.4)

5.5 (4.4, 6.8)

7.9 (5.8, 10.8)

3.1 (1.6, 5.9)

Primary Language spoken at home

 English

8115

50.9 (49.5, 52.4)

70.6 (68.8, 72.4)

10.0 (8.9, 11.2)

12.7 (11.5, 14.0)

6.7 (5.6, 7.9)

 Spanish

3487

26.6 (25.3, 28.0)

57.7 (54.6, 60.7)

13.1 (11.0, 15.5)

22.5 (20.1, 25.0)

6.8 (5.4, 8.4)

 Other

2671

22.5 (21.1, 23.9)

66.3 (62.6, 69.7)

12.6 (10.3, 15.3)

14.9 (12.3, 17.9)

6.3 (4.8, 8.3)

Number of people living on the household income

 ≤ 2

5184

35.5 (34.0, 37.0)

67.4 (65.0, 69.7)

11.8 (10.3, 13.6)

15.4 (13.6, 17.3)

5.4 (4.4, 6.5)

 3–4

6966

48.8 (47.2, 50.3)

67.1 (64.9, 69.1)

11.3 (9.9, 12.9)

14.9 (13.5, 16.5)

6.7 (5.6, 8.1)

  ≥ 5

2123

15.8 (14.7, 17.0)

60.8 (56.9, 64.6)

10.7 (8.6, 13.3)

19.4 (16.4, 22.7)

9.1 (7.1, 11.7)

Insurance Coverage During Pregnancy

 Private

3308

30.9 (29.6, 32.3)

79.9 (77.7, 82.0)

8.0 (6.7, 9.6)

9.4 (7.9, 11.2)

2.7 (2.0, 3.6)

 Medi-Cal

10,051

62.0 (60.7, 63.4)

58.7 (56.8, 60.7)

13.1 (11.8, 14.6)

19.4 (18.0, 20.9)

8.8 (7.6, 10.0)

 Uninsured

350

2.4 (1.9, 2.9)

51.7 (40.9, 62.3)

14.4 (8.6, 23.1)

23.2 (14.9, 34.5)

10.7 (6.2, 17.8)

 Other

564

4.7 (4.2, 5.4)

81.4 (75.1, 86.4)

9.2 (5.2, 15.7)

6.8 (4.6, 9.9)

2.6 (1.2, 5.3)

Household Income (% FPG)

 0 – 100%

7972

54.0 (52.5, 55.4)

55.6 (53.7, 58.0)

13.4 (12.0, 15.0)

21.0 (19.4, 22.6)

9.8 (8.5, 11.2)

 101 – 200%

3713

25.1 (23.8, 26.5)

70.5 (67.6, 73.3)

11.3 (9.5, 13.4)

13.8 (11.7, 16.2)

4.4 (3.4, 5.7)

 201 – 300%

1503

11.8 (10.9, 12.8)

85.4 (82.1, 88.3)

7.0 (5.0, 9.7)

5.9 (4.1, 8.3)

1.7 (1.0, 2.9)

 301 – 400%

1085

9.1 (8.4, 10.0)

90.5 (87.3, 93.0)

5.6 (3.7, 8.4)

3.6 (2.2, 5.8)

0.3 ( 0.1, 0.8)

Marital Status

 Married

6773

50.0 (48.5, 51.5)

73.2 (71.2, 75.0)

9.3 (8.2, 10.7)

13.4 (12.0, 15.0)

4.0 (3.3, 4.9)

 Living together

4472

30.3 (28.9, 31.8)

59.8 (57.0, 62.5)

12.1 (10.4, 14.0)

18.8 (16.8, 21.0)

9.4 (7.9, 11.1)

 Single

3028

19.7 (18.5, 20.9)

58.4 (54.8, 61.9)

15.6 (12.9, 18.8)

17.1 (14.8, 19.7)

8.9 (6.8, 11.7)

Race/Ethnicity

 White

4013

24.2 (23.1, 25.3)

74.7 (72.5, 76.8)

8.7 (7.5, 10.2)

10.7 (9.2, 12.3)

5.9 (4.9, 7.1)

 Black

1357

6.7 (6.2, 7.2)

65.8 (60.0, 71.5)

11.3 (8.3, 15.2)

15.0 (11.6, 19.1)

7.9 (4.2, 14.3)

 Latina foreign-born

4009

30.0 (28.6, 31.4)

55.1 (52.2, 58.0)

13.6 (11.5, 16.0)

23.5 (21.2, 25.9)

7.8 (6.3, 9.7)

 Latina U.S.-born

3695

29.3 (27.9, 30.8)

68.3 (65.3, 14.0)

11.9 (10.0, 14.0)

13.6 (11.6, 15.9)

6.3 (5.0, 7.9)

 Asian/PI

1199

9.9 (8.9, 11.0)

73.1 (68.1, 77.6)

9.9 (7.1, 13.7)

12.0 (8.8, 16.1)

5.0 (3.5, 7.2)