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Table 2 Logistic regression of individual and total ACE exposure, demographics and their association with preterm birth

From: Maternal adverse childhood experiences and their association with preterm birth: secondary analysis of data from universal health visiting

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

AOR

Low CI

High CI

p

AOR

Low CI

High CI

p

AOR

Low CI

High CI

p

ACE types

 Verbal abuse

1.10

0.27

3.74

0.989

    

1.57

0.34

7.29

0.566

 Physical abuse

0.88

0.24

3.25

0.849

    

0.94

0.25

4.02

0.994

 Sexual abuse

3.83

1.19

12.32

0.025

    

5.43

1.45

20.34

0.012

 Neglect

7.60

1.81

31.97

0.006

    

9.12

1.92

43.37

0.005

 Parental separation

0.75

0.35

1.60

0.456

    

1.36

0.40

4.52

0.642

 Domestic violence

1.78

0.63

4.98

0.276

    

2.78

0.76

10.14

0.122

 Mental health

1.41

0.62

3.23

0.416

    

2.27

0.70

7.29

0.170

 Alcohol abuse

1.15

0.42

3.17

0.787

    

1.53

0.48

4.92

0.474

 Drug abuse

0.40

0.08

2.03

0.269

    

0.39

0.07

2.14

0.278

 Incarceration

1.23

0.26

5.84

0.793

    

1.51

0.29

7.80

0.622

Total ACE exposure

 0 ACEs

    

(ref)

  

0.073

(ref)

  

0.630

 1 ACE

    

0.80

0.32

2.00

0.635

0.50

0.14

1.86

0.303

 2–3 ACEs

    

1.17

0.46

2.97

0.740

0.31

0.04

2.55

0.278

 ≥ 4 ACEs

    

2.67

1.14

6.23

0.024

0.10

0.00

3.38

0.201

Age category (years)

 16–25

(ref)

  

0.009

(ref)

  

0.011

(ref)

  

0.008

 26–35

1.94

0.72

5.21

0.190

2.21

0.85

5.74

0.103

1.96

0.72

5.33

0.187

 > 36

5.48

1.72

17.50

0.004

5.48

1.76

17.06

0.003

5.69

1.76

18.41

0.004

Ethnicity

 Other

0.17

0.02

5.21

0.098

0.22

0.03

1.66

0.142

0.19

0.02

1.54

0.121

Pilot area

 Swansea

(ref)

  

0.390

(ref)

  

0.476

(ref)

  

0.341

 Carmarthenshire

0.61

0.25

1.39

0.237

0.63

0.28

1.41

0.261

0.57

0.25

1.32

0.190

 Blaenau Gwent

0.64

0.26

1.55

0.321

0.72

0.31

1.68

0.450

0.64

0.26

1.55

0.324

Deprivation

 Flying Start

1.33

0.64

2.75

0.455

1.32

0.66

2.65

0.413

1.30

0.65

2.58

0.458

First child

 Yes

1.28

0.64

2.54

0.483

1.20

0.62

2.33

0.590

1.30

0.65

2.58

0.458

Relationship status

 Single

(ref)

  

0.593

(ref)

  

0.337

(ref)

  

0.595

 Partnered/cohabiting

1.02

0.34

3.08

0.98

0.90

0.31

2.57

0.837

1.00

0.33

3.02

0.997

 Married

0.67

0.19

2.38

0.54

0.51

0.16

1.70

0.275

0.67

0.19

2.34

0.527

 Not disclosed

0.55

0.15

2.06

0.38

0.44

0.12

1.58

0.208

0.37

0.15

2.04

0.208

  1. Model 1 = Individual ACEs, Model 2 = Total ACE exposure, Model 3 = Individual ACEs and total ACE exposure. Reference categories for dichotomous variables: white British ethnicity; non-Flying Start; has other children (first child = no)
  2. ACE Adverse childhood experience, AOR Adjusted odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, Ref Reference category