Total population a | Statistical differences among subgroups total population | Community midwife | Hospital-based Midwife | Obstetrician | Community midwife and Hospital-based midwife | Community midwife and Obstetrician | Hospital-based midwife and Obstetrician | Community midwife, Hospital-based midwife and Obstetrician | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 621 (100%) | n = 238 (38.3%) | n = 127 (20.5%) | n = 40 (6.4%) | n = 47 (7.6%) | n = 17 (2.7%) | n = 113 (18.2%) | n = 39 (6.3%) | ||
Median (IQR) | P-value | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | |
PREGNANCY CHARACTERISTICS | |||||||||
Parity | 0.01 | ||||||||
Nulliparous | 74 (68-78) | 79 (74-79) | 72 (67-78) | 71 (64-75) | 75 (72-79) 71 (68-76) | 74 (69-78) 75 (70-78) | 69 (62-73) 74 (65-78) | 77 (69-79) 69 (59-75) 75 (63-79) | |
Multiparous | 76 (71-79) | 78 (74-79) | 70 (59-76) | 75 (62-79) | 75 (73-79) 72 (59-75) | 79 (74-79) 66 (46-72) | 69 (62-74) 71 (67-77) | 77 (77-82) 75 (63-78) 79 (65-84) | |
Gestational age (in weeks) | 0.02 | ||||||||
< 36 + 6 | 70 (64-75) | 70 (64-74) | 70 (54-75) | NA | NA | 71 (68-78) 77 (71-80) | 64 NA 58 NA 49 NA | ||
37 + 0 – 39 + 6 | 75 (69-78) | 78 (74-79) | 72 (63-78) | 75 (66-79) | 77 (73-79) 72 (68-77) | 75 (69-79) 76 (70-79) | 69 (60-74) 70 (64-79) | 77 (71-79) 72 (67-77) 77 (63-79) | |
40 + 0 – 40 + 6 | 75 (71-79) | 78 (74-79) | 72 (69-77) | 69 (61-75) | 74 (72-78) 70 (64-72) | 74 (69-80) 69 (60-72) | 69 (66-72) 72 (67-77) | 78 (73-79) 67 (61-78) 79 (71-82) | |
41 + 0 – 41 + 6 | 75 (69-78) | 78 (75-79) | 69 (64-78) | 61 (45-73) | 74 (71-79) 69 (66-72) | 78 (76-79) 73 (68-78) | 73 (67-74) 74 (68-77) | 78 (73-80) 68 (58-75) 74 (62-76) | |
≥ 42 + 0 | 71 (58-76) | 76 NA | 78 NA | 72 NA | NA | NA | 64 (57-70) 65 (50-76) | 56 NA 53 NA 61 NA | |
Complications during pregnancy a | 0.01 | ||||||||
None | 76 (71-79) | 78 (74-79) | 72 (65-76) | 74 (68-78) | 77 (74-79) 72 (67-76) | 79 (70-79) 70 (66-79) | 69 (65-74) 75 (69-77) | 78 (69-79) 68 (59-77) 74 (64-79) | |
1 | 74 (67-78) | 78 (74-79) | 73 (64-77) | 70 (55-75) | 74 (71-79) 71 (69-73) | 75 (72-79) 75 (67-77) | 69 (65-74) 74 (66-78) | 75 (66-78) 72 (52-76) 77 (75-79) | |
2 | 74 (66-78) | 76 (74-79) | 74 (65-78) | 70 (61-78) | 71 NA 68 NA | 72 NA 72 NA | 70 (60-74) 74 (66-78) | 76 (74-79) 76 (69-78) 76 (65-79) | |
≥ 3 | 72 (65-76) | NA | 72 (50-77) | 75 NA | 45 NA 41 NA | NA | 70 (61-72) 70 (64-78) | 77 NA 66 NA 60 NA | |
BIRTH CHARACTERISTICS | |||||||||
Mode of birth | ≤ 0.001 | ||||||||
Vaginal | 75 (70-79) | 78 (74-79) | 72 (64-78) | 71 (64-76) | 75 (72-79) 72 (68-75) | 75 (74-78) 72 (57-77) | 69 (62-74) 73 (66-78) | 78 (75-79) 72 (63-77) 75 (65-79) | |
Instrumental vaginal | 70 (66-78) | NA | NA | 70 NA | NA | 71 (69-79) 71 (67-78) | 68 (63-72) 69 (66-76) | 77 (70-79) 72 (58-78) 74 (63-79) | |
CS (elective or emergency) | 73 (65-77) | NA | NA | 74 (60-79) | NA | 79 NA 70 NA | 70 (62-74) 74 (66-78) | 68 (56-75) 63 (50-70) 75 (67-77) | |
Place of giving birth | ≤ 0.001 | ||||||||
Home | 78 (74-79) | 78 (74-79) | NA | NA | NA | 79 NA 79 NA | V | NA | |
Hospital | 73 (67-78) | 78 (74-79) | 72 (65-78) | 73 (63-76) | 75 (72-79) 72 (68-75) | 75 (70-79) 71 (66-75) | 69 (62-74) 73 (66-77) | 77 (72-79) 70 (61-76) 75 (64-79) | |
Maternity hotel/birth centre | 75 (68-78 | 76 (73-79) | 64 (49-73) | 73 NA | 78 NA 76 NA | 74 NA 77 NA | 68 (60-75) 78 (68-79) | 68 NA 66 NA 70 NA | |
Number of times the attended healthcare professional during birth was met in the prenatal period | ≤ 0.001 | ||||||||
0 | 73 (66-78) | 76 (74-79) | 72 (64-78) | 72 (62-77) | 75 (71-79) 71 (68-77) | NA | 71 (63-74) 74 (69-77) | 77 (77-80) 72 (70-78) 76 (63-79) | |
1-2 times | 74 (70-78) | 78 (74-79) | 76 (69-78) | 73 (63-78) | 76 (73-78) 70 (65-73) | 67 NA 71 NA | 69 (55-73) 72 (66-77) | 77 (72-79) 65 (60-76) 76 (70-79) | |
3-4 times | 76 (72-79) | 78 (74-79) | 76 (71-78) | 70 NA | 75 (72-78) 72 (68-76) | 77 (72-79) 70 (65-72) | 71 (62-74) 76 (65-79) | 73 (69-79) 68 (63-72) 74 (61-77) | |
≥ 5 | 77 (72-79) | 79 (76-79) | 69 (64-73) | 76 (74-79) | 77 (73-79) 73 (60-77) | 75 (71-79) 76 (67-79) | 69 (55-76) 68 (63-77) | 76 (67-79) 65 (54-75) 75 (59-79) | |
Unknown | 70 (65-78) | 78 (69 -79) | 65 NA | 56 (43-74) | 75 NA 71 NA | NA | 66 (62-72) 68 (66-74) | 77 NA 75 NA 79 NA | |
BIRTH INTERVENTIONS | |||||||||
Induction of labour | ≤ 0.001 | ||||||||
No | 75 (70-79) | 78 (74-79) | 71 (64-76) | 74 (63-77) | 75 (73-79) 72 (68-75) | 75 (70-79) 71 (66-76) | 69 (64-74) 72 (66-77) | 77 (70-79) 68 (59-77) 74 (63-79) | |
Yes | 72 (66-78) | NA | 74 (66-78) | 72 (64-76) | 70NA 74 NA | 79 NA 79 NA | 69 (61-74) 74 (66-77) | 77 (73-80) 72 (67-75) 77 (69-79) | |
CTG during labour | ≤ 0.001 | ||||||||
No | 77 (73-79) | 78 (74-79) | 71 (64-78) | 64 (50-77) | 78 (73-79) 72 (68-78) | 77 (74-79) 71 (66-77) | 67 (61-73) 70 (64-75) | 77 (74-78) 68 (62-72) 73 (62-79) | |
Yes | 72 (66-77) | 78 (67-79) | 72 (65-77) | 73 (68-76) | 75 (71-78) 70 (63-75) | 74 (69-79) 72 (62-77) | 70 (62-74) 74 (67-77) | 77 (68-77) 77 (72-58) 75 (65-79) | |
Episiotomy c | ≤ 0.001 | ||||||||
No | 76 (71-79) | 78 (74-79) | 72 (65-77) | 73 (67-79) | 78 (74-79) 72 (65-76) | 78 (74-79) 73 (67-79) | 72 (65-77) 73 (67-79) | 78 (74-79) 72 (65-77) 73 (67-79) | |
Yes | 71 (67-77) | 76 (73-79) | 69 (62-72) | 71 (63-77) | 77 (74-79) 71 (62-76) | 76 (73-79) 71 (63-77) | 69 (62-72) 71 (63-77) | 76 (73-79) 69 (69-73) 71 (63-77) | |
Pain relief treatment d | ≤ 0.001 | ||||||||
No | 76 (70-79) | 78 (74-79) | 72 (62-76) | 70 (64-75) | 77 (74-79) 72 (68-74) | 75 (71-79) 72 (60-76) | 69 (62-73) 71 (67-78) | 77 (72-79) 72 (60-78) 75 (69-79) | |
Yes | 72 (66-78) | NA | 72 (67-78) | 75 (60-78) | 74 (70-77) 71 (66-76) | 77 (67-79) 71 (67-79) | 71 (62-74) 74 (65-77) | 77 (68-79) 67 (59-75) 74 (62-79) | |
Catheterisation | ≤ 0.001 | ||||||||
No | 76 (71-79) | 78 (74-79) | 73 (64-78) | 68 (58-76) | 77 (74-79) 72 (64-76) | 79 (75-80) 68 (60-78) | 69 (66-74) 71 (66-77) | 78 (70-79) 72 (62-78) 77 (69-79) | |
Yes | 68 (72-77) | 76 (73-78) | 71 (66-77) | 75 (77-69) | 75 (71-79) 71 (68-74) | 74 (69-77) 72 (70-76) | 70 (62-74) 74 (66-77) | 77 (71-79) 68 (59-76) 74 (63-79) | |
Vaginal laceration b | 0.06 | ||||||||
No | 76 (71-79) | 78 (74-79) | 72 (65-76) | 70 (63-76) | 74 (71-78) 72 (68-76) | 78 (74-79) 70 (63-76) | 72 (65-76) 70 (63-76) | 78 (74-79) 72 (65-76) 70 (63-76) | |
Yes | 75 (69-78) | 77 (74-79) | 71 (62-76) | 74 (67-79) | 76 (74-79) 71 (66-76) | 77 (74-79) 74 (67-79) | 71 (62-76) 74 (67-79) | 77 (74-79) 71 (62-76) 74 (67-79) | |
Vaginal laceration (surgery) b | 0.73 | ||||||||
No | 75 (69-79) | 78 (74-79) | 72 (64-76) | 72 (64-77) | 78 (74-79) 64 (72-76) | 78 (74-79) 72 (64-77) | 72 (64-76) 72 (64-77) | 78 (74-79) 72 (64-76) 72 (64-77) | |
Yes | 76 (70-79) | 77 (72-79) | 71 (65-75) | 75 (68-79) | 77 (72-79) 71 (65-75) | 77 (72-79) 75 (68-79) | 71 (65-75) 75 (68-79) | 77 (72-79) 71 (65-75) 75 (68-79) |