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Table 3 Comparison between the “depression” group and the “non-depression” group in the second trimester of pregnancy

From: The prevalence and correlates of peripartum depression in different stages of pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic in China

Characteristics

Non-depressive symptomsc (n = 438)

Depressive symptomsc (n = 53)

P

Resident city

  

0.031

 Beijing

180(41.1%)

13(24.5%)

 

 Lanzhou

111(25.3%)

21(39.6%)

 

 Wuhan

147(33.6%)

19(35.8%)

 

Age (year)d

30.0(28.0-33.0)

29.0(25.0-32.0)

0.026

Height (cm)d

162.0(158.0-165.0)

160.0(157.7-164.0)

0.101

Weight (kg) d

60.0(55.0-67.0)

59.0(53.0-65.5)

0.425

Marital status (divorced/unmarried)

13(3.0%)

4(7.5%)

0.185b

Education level

  

0.057a

 Junior high school or below

17(3.9%)

4(7.5%)

 

 Senior high school/technical secondary school

47(10.7%)

7(13.2%)

 

 Junior college

119(27.2%)

22(41.5%)

 

 Bachelor

202(46.1%)

16(30.2%)

 

 Postgraduate

53(12.1%)

4(7.5%)

 

Family income (yearly, Yuan)

  

< 0.001

 80 thousand or below

126(28.8%)

30(56.6%)

 

 80 thousand to 0.3 million

248(56.6%)

18(34.0%)

 

 More than 0.3 million

64(14.6%)

5(9.4%)

 

Economic losses caused by COVID-19 (Thousand Yuan) d

2.0(0.0-5.0)[14]

3.7(2.0-5.0)[1]

0.009

Primipara

317(72.4%)

41(77.4%)

0.441

History of physical diseases

56(12.8%)

6(11.3%)

0.762

History of mental illness

4(0.9%)

0(0.0%)

1.000a

Taking medication

35(8.0%)

8(15.1%)

0.141 b

Daily smoking

1(0.2%)

0(0.0%)

1.000a

Daily alcohol use

4(0.9%)

1 (1.9%)

0.437a

Vomiting during pregnancy

  

0.533

 None

113(25.8%)

17(32.1%)

 

 Mild (self-remission)

298(68.0%)

32(60.4%)

 

 Severe (ask for treatment)

27(6.2%)

4(7.5%)

 

 Significant uterine contractions caused by anxiety

38(8.7%)

9(17.0%)

0.078a

The influence of current pregnancy status on movement

  

< 0.001

 No

229(52.3%)

13(24.5%)

 

 Mild

206(47.0%)

37(69.8%)

 

 Severe

3(0.7%)

3(5.7%)

 

Have worries and fears about childbirth

118(26.9%)

29(54.7%)

< 0.001

Requiring other people to help with daily tasks most of the time

310(70.8%)

26(49.1%)

0.001

Living with parents-in-law

80(18.3%)

16(30.2%)

0.039

Living with parents

90(20.5%)

7(13.2%)

0.205

COVID-19 infection status of pregnant women and their relatives and friends

6(1.4%)

0(0.00%)

1.000a

  1. Numbers in brackets refer to number of missing values
  2. COVID-19 2019 coronavirus disease
  3. aFisher exact test
  4. bContinuous correction of chi-square test
  5. cThe value are given as the number of participant or median with the percentage or interquartile range in parentheses, respectively
  6. dBecause these data were not normally distributed, the rank sum test was used for the comparison between groups