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Table 2 Comparison between the “depression” group and the “non-depression” group in the first trimester of pregnancy

From: The prevalence and correlates of peripartum depression in different stages of pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic in China

Characteristics

Non-depressive symptomsc (n = 355)

Depressive symptomsc (n = 56)

P

Resident city

  

< 0.001

 Beijing

204(57.5%)

15(26.8%)

 

 Lanzhou

121(34.0%)

35(62.5%)

 

 Wuhan

30(8.5%)

6(10.7%)

 

Age (year)d

30.0(28.0-32.0)

30.0(26.2-32.0)

0.223

Height (cm)d

163.0(159.0-166.0)

160.5(159.2-166.0)

0.419

Weight (kg) d

57.0(52.0-63.5)

55.0(51.7-61.9)

0.230

Marital status (divorced/unmarried)

9(2.5%)

5(8.9%)

0.040b

Education level

  

0.151a

 Junior high school or below

7(2.0%)

3(5.4%)

 

 Senior high school/technical secondary school

25(7.0%)

5(9.0%)

 

 Junior college

93(26.2%)

18(32.1%)

 

 Bachelor

171(48.2%)

26(46.4%)

 

 Postgraduate

59(16.6%)

4(7.1%)

 

Family income (yearly, Yuan)

  

0.008

 80 thousand or below

98(27.6%)

27(48.2%)

 

 80 thousand to 0.3 million

195(54.9%)

22(39.3%)

 

 More than 0.3 million

62(17.5%)

7(12.5%)

 

Economic losses caused by COVID-19 (Thousand Yuan) d

2.0(0.0-5.0)[16]

2.0(0.2-5.0)[3]

0.642

Primipara

266(74.9%)

44(78.6%)

0.556

History of physical diseases

49(13.8%)

10(17.9%)

0.421

History of mental illness

1(0.3%)

2(3.6%)

0.050a

Taking medication

36(10.1%)

6(10.7%)

0.895

Daily smoking

2(0.6%)

0(0.0%)

1.000a

Daily alcohol use

14(3.9%)

1 (1.8%)

0.677b

Vomiting during pregnancy

  

< 0.001

 None

97(27.3%)

6(10.7%)

 

 Mild (self-remission)

236(66.5%)

37(66.1%)

 

 Severe (ask for treatment)

22(6.2%)

13(23.2%)

 

Significant uterine contractions caused by anxiety

9(2.5%)

3(5.4%)

0.460b

The influence of current pregnancy status on movement

  

< 0.001

 No

219(61.7%)

17(30.4%)

 

 Mild

133(37.5%)

34(60.7%)

 

 Severe

3(0.8%)

5(8.9%)

 

Have worries and fears about childbirth

95(26.8%)

24(42.9%)

0.014

Requiring other people to help with daily tasks most of the time

238(67.0%)

33(58.9%)

0.234

Living with parents-in-law

54(15.2%)

7(12.5%)

0.596

Living with parents

52(14.6%)

9(16.1%)

0.781

COVID-19 infection status of pregnant women and their relatives and friends

2(0.6%)

0(0.0%)

1.000a

  1. Numbers in brackets refer to number of missing values
  2. COVID-19 2019 coronavirus disease
  3. aFisher exact test
  4. bContinuous correction of chi-square test
  5. cThe value are given as the number of participant or median with the percentage or interquartile range in parentheses, respectively
  6. dBecause these data were not normally distributed, the rank sum test was used for the comparison between groups