Dietary cholesterol and egg intake are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective study from Southwest China

Table 3 Associations of cholesterol from eggs and other foods per day with GDM

	Continuous variable (each additional 100 mg/d)		Tertiles of cholesterol intake (mg/d)						P for trend
	Continuous variable (each additional 100 mg/d)		Q1		Q2		Q3
	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Cholesterol from eggs
Median, mg/d	194.7		107.0		127.3		128.3
Model 1^a	1.11	1.04-1.17	1.00	-	1.22	0.97-1.55	1.50	1.15-1.97	0.003
Model 2^b	1.09	1.03-1.17	1.00	-	1.14	0.90-1.46	1.43	1.08-1.90	0.019
Model 2 plus nutrients ^c
Saturated fat, unsaturated fat	1.09	1.03-1.16	1.00	-	1.12	0.88-1.44	1.40	1.05-1.86	0.027
Animal protein	1.10	1.03-1.17	1.00	-	1.14	0.89-1.47	1.42	1.07-1.90	0.022
Fibre	1.09	1.03-1.16	1.00	-	1.14	0.89-1.45	1.42	1.07-1.88	0.021
All previous nutrients	1.10	1.03-1.17	1.00	-	1.13	0.88-1.45	1.42	1.06-1.90	0.025
Cholesterol from other foods ^d
Median, mg/d	121.0		51.0		121.0		216.0
Model 1^a	1.02	0.93-1.13	1.00	-	1.34	1.04-1.73	1.30	1.00-1.59	0.047
Model 2^b	0.99	0.88-1.12	1.00	-	1.33	0.98-1.80	1.28	0.93-1.45	0.102
Model 2 plus nutrients ^c
Saturated fat, unsaturated fat	0.96	0.85-1.09	1.00	-	1.26	0.92-1.72	1.23	0.88-1.40	0.240
Animal protein	0.95	0.81-1.12	1.00	-	1.40	0.97-2.03	1.36	0.96-1.58	0.103
Fibre	0.98	0.87-1.11	1.00	-	1.32	0.97-1.02	1.28	0.92-1.44	0.126
All previous nutrients	0.93	0.79-1.10	1.00	-	1.34	0.92-1.94	1.31	0.90-1.54	0.181

GDM gestational diabetes mellitus
^a Crude model
^b Adjusted for energy intake, age, prepregnancy BMI, education, income of family, parity, family history of diabetes, smoking before pregnancy, alcohol consumption before pregnancy, physical activity, dietary glycaemic load, weight gain from pregnancy to OGTT
^c Nutrients correlated with dietary cholesterol (saturated fat, unsaturated fat, trans fat, animal protein, and fibre) were adjusted individually or in combination in addition to Model 2 covariates.
^d Other foods included red meat, poultry, fish and shellfish, dairy products, animal organs and the others (except eggs)

ISSN: 1471-2393