Table 1 Trends in the prevalence of births by caesarean section by different inequality dimensions, 1998-2014
From: Inequalities in prevalence of birth by caesarean section in Ghana from 1998-2014
Inequality dimension | 1998 (3.97) | 2003 (3.69) | 2008 (6.90) | 2014 (12.79) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample | Percentage [95% CI] | Sample | Percentage [95% CI] | Sample | Percentage [95% CI] | Sample | Percentage [95% CI] | |
Economic status | ||||||||
 Quintile 1 (poorest) | 865 | 1.47 [0.80, 2.67] | 941 | 1.48 [0.84, 2.60] | 743 | 1.31 [0.72, 2.36] | 1263 | 4.01 [2.99, 5.36] |
 Quintile 2 | 684 | 1.55 [0.76, 3.12] | 809 | 1.73 [1.00, 2.97] | 641 | 5.01 [3.11, 7.98] | 1195 | 6.79 [4.97, 9.22] |
 Quintile 3 | 660 | 3.31 [1.98, 5.47] | 720 | 1.90 [1.11, 3.24] | 548 | 8.39 [5.56, 12.47] | 1113 | 10.65 [8.59, 13.15] |
 Quintile 4 | 552 | 4.66 [3.11, 6.91] | 616 | 4.14 [2.51, 6.75] | 560 | 9.07 [6.41, 12.70] | 1073 | 17.31 [13.80, 21.48] |
 Quintile 5 (richest) | 431 | 12.96 [9.78, 16.98] | 551 | 12.18 [8.84, 16.56] | 414 | 14.97 [10.76, 20.44] | 1048 | 27.88 [23.70, 32.48] |
Education | ||||||||
 No education | 1228 | 1.81 [1.11, 2.92] | 1466 | 1.68 [1.06, 2.65] | 951 | 3.43 [2.13, 5.47] | 1561 | 5.72 [4.26, 7.66] |
 Primary school | 648 | 2.93 [1.78, 4.78] | 843 | 2.86 [1.68, 4.83] | 722 | 4.52 [3.02, 6.72] | 1140 | 10.85 [7.68, 15.14] |
 Secondary school + | 1317 | 6.49 [5.13, 8.19] | 1329 | 6.43 [4.84, 8.51] | 1235 | 10.98 [8.83, 13.56] | 2992 | 17.22 [15.43, 19.18] |
Place of residence | ||||||||
 Rural | 2420 | 2.52 [1.88, 3.36] | 2435 | 1.77 [1.26, 2.49] | 1805 | 4.67 [3.52, 6.17] | 3131 | 7.89 [6.09, 10.17] |
 Urban | 773 | 8.51 [6.62, 10.86] | 1203 | 7.57 [5.67, 10.04] | 1103 | 10.56 [8.19, 13.50] | 2562 | 18.79 [16.59, 21.20] |
Region | ||||||||
 Western Region | 412 | 4.43 [2.24, 8.57] | 366 | 2.24 [0.97, 5.06] | 270 | 5.40 [2.82, 10.09] | 573 | 14.57 [10.86, 19.28] |
 Central Region | 379 | 3.58 [1.80, 7.00] | 303 | 1.05 [0.32, 3.39] | 292 | 10.01 [5.67, 17.06] | 622 | 15.74 [11.00, 22.03] |
 Greater Accra Region | 329 | 11.68 [9.06, 14.94] | 389 | 11.98 [8.03, 17.50] | 345 | 10.23 [6.59, 15.54] | 880 | 22.86 [18.37, 28.08] |
 Volta Region | 337 | 1.40 [0.44, 4.43] | 298 | 3.67 [2.00, 6.63] | 244 | 6.04 [3.41, 10.48] | 435 | 8.82 [6.31, 12.19] |
 Eastern Region | 430 | 5.68 [3.62, 8.80] | 362 | 3.89 [1.87, 7.88] | 254 | 7.62 [4.71, 12.09] | 532 | 9.46 [6.63, 13.33] |
 Ashanti Region | 513 | 2.27 [1.07, 4.73] | 684 | 4.36 [2.50, 7.52] | 544 | 10.65 [7.50, 14.90] | 1064 | 15.61 [12.46, 19.38] |
 Brong Ahafo Region | 259 | 3.14 [1.94, 5.05] | 400 | 2.56 [1.23, 5.25] | 271 | 4.91 [2.24, 10.45] | 497 | 9.58 [7.48, 12.18] |
 Northern Region | 232 | 1.41 [0.47, 4.14] | 499 | 1.57 [0.65, 3.75] | 455 | 2.55 [0.93, 6.76] | 709 | 2.66 [1.53, 4.56] |
 Upper West Region | 100 | 2.03 [0.66, 6.09] | 117 | 1.85 [0.55, 6.04] | 147 | 1.13 [0.22, 5.57] | 226 | 7.56 [5.54, 10.25] |
 Upper East Region | 198 | 1.05 [0.37, 2.89] | 215 | 0.49 [0.06, 3.78] | 81 | 3.46 [1.48, 7.91] | 152 | 4.69 [3.07, 7.10] |