Skip to main content

Table 2 Psychosomatic health outcome at T1-T3 between pregnant women living with HIV (WWH), non-pregnant women living with HIV (WWH) and pregnant women without HIV (WWOH)

From: Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with - and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in Nordic countries – Results from a longitudinal survey study

 

Range

Pregnant women with HIV

Non-pregnant women with HIV

Pregnant women without HIV

Difference between pregnant and non-pregnant WWH

Difference between pregnant WWH and pregnat WWOH

T1

T2

T3

T1

T2

T3

T1

T2

T3

T1

T2

T3

T1

T2

T3

Edinburg depression scale (EPDS)

 

n = 45

n = 36

n = 36

n = 74

n = 49

n = 46

n = 146

n = 130

n = 122

p-value

p-value

p-value

p-value

p-value

p-value

Total score, mean (95% CI)

0–30

7.68 (6.49: 8.93)

7.00 (5.53: 8.47)

6.04 (4.82: 7.25)

8.19 (7.22: 9.15)

8.83 (7.65: 10.01)

7.58 (6.18: 8.97)

4.34 (3.89: 4.79)

4.53 (4.12: 4.94)

4.07 (3.56: 4.57)

0.53

0.06

0.10

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

Likely clinical depression (score ≥ 12), n (%)

11 (24)

13 (36)

8 (22)

14 (27)

20 (41)

17 (39)

13 (9)

11 (8)

10 (8)

      

Perceived Stress (PSS)

 

n = 44

n = 36

n = 36

n = 73

n = 49

n = 46

n = 146

n = 131

n = 124

      

Total score, mean (95% CI)

0–40

22.55 (21.24: 23.45)

22.26 (20.63: 23.89)

22.45 (21.28: 23.61)

22.73 (21.97: 23.50)

22.08 (20.90: 23.26)

22.16 (21.08: 23.24)

19.59 (19.04: 20.15)

19.32 (18.61: 20.03)

18.50 (17.94:19.02)

0.80

0.86

0.74

< 0.001

< 0.01

< 0.001

Low stress (score 0–13), n (%)

 

2 (5)

1 (3)

1 (3)

2 (3)

1 (2)

1 (2)

7 (5)

3 (2)

9 (7)

      

Moderate stress (score 14–26), n (%)

 

33 (75)

29 (81)

29 (81)

52 (71)

39 (80)

38 (83)

128 (88)

125 (95)

112 (90)

      

High stress (score 27–40), n (%)

 

9 (20)

6 (17)

6 (17)

19 (26)

9 (18)

7 (15)

11 (8)

3 (2)

3 (2)

      

Loneliness (UCLA)

 

n = 44

n = 36

n = 36

n = 72

n = 47

n = 46

n = 146

n = 130

n = 123

      

Total score, mean (95% CI)

3–9

4.30 (3.98: 4.61)

4.63 (4.28: 4.98)

4.70 (4.29: 5.11)

5.01 (4.72: 5.31)

5.07 (4.71: 5.43)

4.89 (4.42: 5.36)

3.71 (3.54:3.87)

4.19 (3.94: 4.44)

4.40 (4.13: 4.68)

< 0.01

0.11

0.59

< 0.01

0.05

0.19

Lonely (score > 7), n (%)

 

0

2 (6)

3 (8)

8 (11)

3 (6)

6 (13)

1 (1)

6 (5)

8 (6)

      

Social support (MSPSS)

 

n = 44

n = 36

n = 36

n = 72

n = 47

n = 46

n = 146

n = 130

n = 123

      

Total score, mean (SD)

1–7

5.67 (5.33: 6.02)

5.65 (5.30: 5.99)

5.70 (5.43: 5.98)

5.62 (5.33: 5.91)

5.53 (5.23: 5.82)

5.67 (5.43: 5.89)

6.57 (6.37: 6.63)

6.54 (6.47: 6.61)

6.46 (6.40: 6.53)

0.83

0.61

0.87

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Significant other, mean (SD)

1–7

6.32 (6.13: 6.52)

6.24 (5.80: 6.68)

6.34 (6.11: 6.57)

6.09 (5.91: 6.28)

5.99 (5.69: 6.30)

5.91 (5.68: 6.14)

6.85 (6.77: 6.94)

6.79 (6.73: 6.85)

6.77 (6.69: 6.85)

0.10

0.31

0.06

< 0.01

0.02

< 0.001

Family, mean (SD)

1–7

5.65 (5.23: 6.06)

5.58 (5.16: 6.00)

5.54 (5.10: 5.97)

5.50 (5.14: 5.86)

5.40 (5.07: 5.73)

5.64 (5.35: 5.92)

6.52 (6.42: 6.61)

6.51 (6.40: 6.62)

6.45 (6.33: 6.56)

0.65

0.53

0.73

< 0.001

0.001

< 0.01

Friends, mean (SD)

1–7

5.05 (4.68: 5.43)

5.13 (4.76: 5.49)

5.22 (4.82: 5.62)

5.27 (4.91: 5.62)

5.20 (4.73: 5.68)

5.44 (5.09: 5.79)

6.33 (6.20: 6.46)

6.31 (6.16: 6.47)

6.17 (6.01: 6.33)

0.47

0.77

0.50

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Back to article page

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

Contact us