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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of women by halitosis status, N = 3915

From: Association between halitosis and female fecundability in China: a prospective cohort study

 

Halitosis N = 342

Non – halitosis N = 3573

Ethnicity

 Han

337 (98.5)

3535 (98.9)

 Others

5 (1.5)

38 (1.1)

Age at preconception care (years)

  < 25

45 (13.2)

409 (11.5)

 25–29

181 (52.9)

2083 (58.3)

 30–34

106 (31.0)

952 (26.6)

 35–39

10 (3.0)

111 (3.1)

  ≥ 40

0 (0.0)

18 (0.5)

Educational level (years)

  ≤ 9

13 (3.8)

114 (3.2)

 10–12

41 (12.0)

367 (10.3)

 13–16

268 (78.4)

2730 (76.4)

  ≥ 17

20 (5.9)

362 (10.1)

Occupation

 Teachers, civil servants and businessmen

161 (47.1)

1791 (50.1)

 Farmers, workers and waiter

43 (12.6)

486 (13.6)

 Housework or others

138 (40.4)

1296 (36.3)

BMI at preconception care (kg/m2)a

  < 18.5

73 (21.4)

676 (18.9)

 18.5–24.9

240 (70.2)

2622 (73.4)

 25–29.9

23 (6.7)

220 (6.2)

  ≥ 30

1 (0.3)

38 (1.1)

 Unknown

5 (1.5)

17 (0.5)

Smoking status

 Never

329 (96.2)

3542 (99.1)

 Yes

13 (3.8)

30 (0.8)

 Unknown

0 (0.0)

1 (0.03)

Alcohol consumption

 Never

246 (71.9)

2859 (80.0)

 Occasionally

91 (26.6)

689 (19.3)

 Frequently

5 (1.5)

19 (0.5)

 Unknown

0 (0.0)

6 (0.2)

Dislike to eat vegetables

 No

319 (93.3)

3462 (96.9)

 Yes

23 (6.7)

111 (3.1)

Like to eat raw meat

 No

316 (92.4)

3453 (96.6)

 Yes

26 (7.6)

120 (3.4)

Perceived life or work-related stress

 No

58 (17.0)

917 (25.7)

 Yes

284 (83.0)

2656 (74.3)

Tension with relatives, friends or colleagues

 No

222 (64.9)

2830 (79.2)

 Yes

120 (35.1)

743 (20.8)

Feeling of financial pressure

 No

136 (39.8)

1848 (51.7)

 Yes

206 (60.2)

1725 (48.3)

Medical historyb

 No

272 (79.5)

3093 (86.6)

 Yes

70 (20.5)

480 (13.4)

Gingival bleeding

 No

105 (40.7)

2239 (62.7)

 Yes

178 (52.0)

892 (25.0)

 Unknown

59 (17.3)

442 (12.4)

Time-to-pregnancy [observation period = 12 months; Median (p25, p75)]

 

6 (3, 12)

6 (2, 12)

Time-to-pregnancy [observation period = 24 months; Median (p25, p75)]

 

6 (3, 18)

6 (3, 12)

  1. aBMI: body mass index; raw meat: meat is not cooked such as sashimi
  2. bMedical history: anemia, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, chronic nephritis, tumour, tuberculosis, hepatitis B