Table 3 Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with visual impairment among pregnant women attending ANC units at governmental health institutions in Gondar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 417)
Variables | Visual impairment Yes N (%) No N (%) | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
COR | AOR | |||
Age (years) | ||||
15–30 | 48 (15.5) | 262 (84.5) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
31–49 | 46 (43.0) | 61 (57.0) | 4.1 (2.5–6.7) | 2.1 (1.1–4.0)* |
Residence | ||||
Urban | 68 (19.7) | 277 (80.3) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Rural | 26 (36.1) | 46 (63.9) | 2.3 (1.3–4.0) | 1.3 (0.6–3.0) |
Educational status | ||||
Can’t read & write | 20 (37.0) | 34 (63.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Primary | 23 (24.2) | 72 (75.8) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) |
Secondary | 10 (8.8) | 103 (91.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) |
College/University | 41 (26.5) | 114 (73.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 1.1 (0.4–2.7) |
Trimesters of gestation | ||||
1st & 2nd TM | 19 (12.9) | 128 (87.1) | 1.0 | 1.00 |
3rd TM | 75 (27.8) | 195 (72.2) | 2.6 (1.5–4.5) | 2.4 (1.3–4.5)* |
Parity | ||||
Nulli & primi para | 27 (10.5) | 230 (89.5) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Multi & grand multipara | 67 (41.9) | 93 (58.1) | 6.1 (3.7–10.2) | 2.3 (1.2–4.6)* |
History of DM | ||||
Yes | 8 (53.3) | 7 (46.7) | 4.2 (1.5–11.9) | 0.9 (0.2–4.5) |
No | 86 (21.9) | 316 (78.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Gestational DM | ||||
Yes | 11 (57. 9) | 8 (42.1) | 5.2 (2.0–13.4) | 2.1 (0.5–9.3) |
No | 83 (20.9) | 315 (79.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
History of HTN | ||||
yes | 9 (40.9) | 13 (59.1) | 2.5 (1.0–6.1) | 1.2 (0.3–3.9) |
No | 85 (21.5) | 310 (78.5) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
PIH | ||||
Yes | 13 (44.8) | 16 (55.2) | 3.1 (1.4–6.7) | 0.7 (0.3–2.2) |
No | 81 (20.9) | 307 (79.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Sleep duration | ||||
Short | 16 (32.7) | 33 (67.3) | 4.6 (1.9–11.2) | 1.9 (0.7–5.4) |
Optimal | 68 (25.9) | 195 (74.1) | 3.3 (1.6–6.7) | 1.72 (0.8–3.8) |
Long | 10 (9.5) | 95 (90.5) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Regular use of smartphones | ||||
Yes | 41 (16.7) | 204 (83.3) | 0. 5 (0.3–0.8) | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) |
No | 53 (30.8) | 119 (69.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Regular use of a computer or TV | ||||
Yes | 40 (19.9) | 161 (80.1) | 0.75 (0.5–1.2) | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) |
No | 54 (25.0) | 162 (75.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
History of medication | ||||
Yes | 19 (42.2) | 26 (57.8) | 2.9 (1.5–5.5) | 1.6 (0.7–3.7) |
No | 75 (20.2) | 297 (79.8) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
History of contraceptive use | ||||
Yes | 84 (32.1) | 178 (67.9) | 6.9 (3.4–13.7) | 2.7 (1.2–6.3)* |
No | 10 (6.4) | 145 (93.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 |