Table 3 Prevalence of abandonment/neglect, non-dignified care and detention following childbirth and at least one form of D&A during childbirth

  Denied companionship in labour

135(43.5)

66 (21.3)

2.85

2.00-4.06^a

  Left alone unattended in second stage of labour

23 (7.4)

17 (5.5)

1.38

0.72-2.64

  Birth attendant failed to intervene or call for help from experienced staff in life threatening conditions

12 (3.9)

13 (4.2)

0.92

0.41-2.05

  Not granted requested attention because staff was exhausted

12 (3.9)

11 (3.5)

1.10

0.48-2.52

  Abandoned/neglected for other reasons

15 (4.8)

7 (2.3)

2.20

0.89-5.48

  Threatened with Caesarean section or poor pregnancy outcome in order to discourage women from shouting in labour

30 (9.7)

31 (10.0)

0.96

0.57-1.64

  Scolded, shouted at or called stupid while in labour

36 (11.6)

27 (8.7)

1.38

0.81-2.33

  Received slanderous remarks (aspersions) from birth attendants during labour

21 (6.8)

20 (6.5)

1.05

0.56-1.99

  Blamed or intimidated during childbirth

13 (4.2)

16 (5.2)

0.80

0.38-1.70

 Other forms of non-dignified care"

4 (1.3)

4 (1.3)

1.00

0.25-4.04

  You could not pay up your hospital bills at discharge

8 (2.6)

21 (6.8)

0.37

0.16-0.84^a

  You could not pay up baby’s hospital bills at discharge

4 (1.3)

14 (4.5)

0.28

0.09-0.85^a

  Other reasons^c

4 (1.3)

3 (1.0)

1.34

0.30-6.03

At least one form of D&A during childbirth

191(61.6)

156(50.3)

1.58

1.15-2.18^a

  Abandonment and neglect

153(49.4)

91 (29.4)

2.35

1.69-3.26

  Non-consented care

45 (14.5)

67 (21.6)

0.62

0.41-0.93^a

  Non-dignified care

61 (19.7)

57 (18.4)

0.62

0.41-0.93^a

  Physical abuse

39 (12.6)

45 (14.5)

0.85

0.53-1.34

  Detention

12 (3.9)

25 (8.1)

0.46

0.23-0.93^a

  Non-confidential care

9 (2.9)

16 (5.2)

0.55

0.24-1.26

  Discriminatory care

6 (1.9)

7 (2.3)

0.85

0.28-2.57

  Mean number of D&A

1.04 ± 1.12

1.00 ± 1.33

  Maximum number of D&A

6

5

  Minimum number of D&A

0

0

-