All | Guatemala | Honduras | Nicaragua | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
Round | ||||||||
Baseline | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.474*** | Ref. |
Follow-up | 0.034 | [−0.05, 0.11] | − 0.033 | [− 0.21, 0.17] | 0.017 | [− 0.27, 0.06] | 0.093* | [− 0.01, 0.2] |
Arm | ||||||||
Comparison | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
Intervention | −0.512*** | [− 0.67, − 0.35] | −0.311** | [− 0.61, − 0.01] | 0.285*** | [0.12, 0.45] | 0.474*** | [0.29, 0.66] |
Follow-up x Intervention | −0.130** | [− 0.23, − 0.03] | −0.149 | [− 0.39, 0.1] | −0.041 | [− 0.22, 0.13] | −0.145** | [− 0.28, − 0.01] |
Age | ||||||||
15–24 | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
25–34 | − 0.014 | [− 0.05, 0.02] | − 0.023 | [− 0.11, 0.06] | 0.005 | [− 0.04, 0.06] | −0.019 | [− 0.08, 0.04] |
35–49 | 0.012 | [−0.04, 0.07] | − 0.068 | [− 0.17, 0.03] | 0.079 | [− 0.01, 0.15] | −0.025 | [− 0.11, 0.06] |
Primiparous | 0.060*** | [0.02, 0.1] | 0.017 | [−0.06, 0.1] | 0.103*** | [0.03, 0.15] | 0.043 | [−0.02, 0.1] |
Area of residence | ||||||||
Rural | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
Urban | −0.020 | [− 0.07, 0.03] | 0.084* | [− 0.01, 0.18] | − 0.021 | [− 0.14, 0.04] | −0.031 | [− 0.09, 0.03] |
Asset index | ||||||||
Low | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
Medium | −0.004 | [− 0.04, 0.03] | − 0.005 | [− 0.09, 0.08] | 0.055** | [0, 0.11] | − 0.031 | [− 0.07, 0.01] |
High | 0.005 | [− 0.05, 0.06] | − 0.013 | [− 0.12, 0.09] | 0.033 | [− 0.04, 0.1] | − 0.011 | [− 0.1, 0.08] |
Languages spoken (Guatemala) | ||||||||
Spanish only | – | – | 0.000 | Ref. | – | – | – | – |
Spanish multilingual | – | – | −0.077* | [− 0.16, 0.01] | – | – | – | – |
Indigenous only | – | – | 0.055 | [−0.2, 0.11] | – | – | – | – |
Has attended school | 0.026*** | [0.01, 0.04] | 0.080*** | [0.03, 0.11] | 0.046** | [0.01, 0.08] | 0.006 | [−0.02, 0.03] |
Literacy | ||||||||
Cannot read at all | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
Able to read a portion | −0.019 | [− 0.09, 0.05] | − 0.025 | [− 0.15, 0.1] | 0.069 | [− 0.02, 0.16] | − 0.071 | [− 0.17, 0.03] |
Able to read | − 0.042 | [− 0.11, 0.03] | −0.041 | [− 0.2, 0.12] | 0.020 | [− 0.06, 0.1] | −0.081* | [− 0.17, 0.01] |
Marital status | ||||||||
Single | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
Married | 0.042* | [0, 0.09] | 0.094* | [−0.01, 0.2] | 0.001 | [−0.08, 0.08] | 0.043 | [−0.01, 0.1] |
Domestic partnership | 0.006 | [−0.04, 0.05] | 0.074 | [−0.02, 0.17] | − 0.013 | [− 0.08, 0.05] | 0.001 | [− 0.05, 0.06] |
Other | −0.006 | [− 0.07, 0.06] | 0.257*** | [0.13, 0.38] | −0.022 | [− 0.16, 0.12] | − 0.035 | [− 0.11, 0.04] |
Housewife | − 0.047** | [− 0.09, − 0.01] | 0.057 | [− 0.05, 0.17] | − 0.050 | [− 0.13, 0.03] | − 0.061** | [− 0.11, − 0.01] |
Owns a car or scooter | 0.010 | [− 0.03, 0.05] | − 0.028 | [− 0.11, 0.05] | 0.022 | [− 0.06, 0.11] | 0.018 | [− 0.03, 0.07] |
Type of visit | ||||||||
Planned delivery | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
Emergency delivery | 0.020 | [−0.01, 0.05] | 0.061 | [−0.01, 0.13] | 0.037 | [−0.01, 0.09] | 0.004 | [− 0.04, 0.05] |
Attended any antenatal care | 0.033 | [− 0.05, 0.12] | 0.042 | [−0.1, 0.18] | − 0.092 | [− 0.26, 0.07] | 0.061 | [− 0.05, 0.17] |
Counseled regarding facility delivery | −0.058* | [− 0.12, 0] | 0.002 | [− 0.11, 0.11] | − 0.036 | [− 0.11, 0.04] | −0.047 | [− 0.14, 0.05] |
Advised to give birth in a facility | 0.026 | [−0.03, 0.08] | 0.073 | [−0.03, 0.18] | − 0.006 | [− 0.09, 0.08] | 0.014 | [− 0.06, 0.09] |
Informed should have a C-section | 0.051** | [0.01, 0.1] | 0.094* | [− 0.01, 0.19] | 0.042 | [−0.01, 0.1] | 0.050 | [− 0.02, 0.12] |
Advised to create a transportation plan | 0.021 | [− 0.01, 0.06] | 0.020 | [− 0.05, 0.09] | −0.004 | [− 0.05, 0.05] | 0.044* | [0, 0.09] |
Nearest facility type | ||||||||
Basic | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
Comprehensive | −0.024 | [− 0.15, 0.11] | − 0.100 | [− 0.34, 0.14] | −0.133 | [− 0.31, 0.05] | −0.036 | [− 0.12, 0.05] |
Facility capacity score differenceb | 0.183*** | [0.13, 0.24] | 0.150*** | [0.09, 0.21] | 0.163*** | [0.11, 0.21] | 0.236** | [0.05, 0.42] |
Travel time to delivery facility | ||||||||
< =30 min | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. | 0.000 | Ref. |
31–60 min | 0.095*** | [0.05, 0.14] | 0.421*** | [0.32, 0.52] | 0.147*** | [0.06, 0.24] | 0.020 | [−0.03, 0.07] |
1–2 h | 0.223*** | [0.16, 0.29] | 0.552*** | [0.45, 0.65] | 0.332*** | [0.23, 0.43] | 0.091* | [0, 0.18] |
> 2 h | 0.346*** | [0.27, 0.42] | 0.706*** | [0.55, 0.87] | 0.500*** | [0.41, 0.59] | 0.172*** | [0.07, 0.28] |
Provides hospitalization services | 0.119 | [−0.07, 0.3] | 0.026 | [−0.22, 0.27] | – | – | 0.004 | [−0.26, 0.27] |
Provides facilities for relativesc | −0.060 | [− 0.18, 0.06] | 0.113 | [− 0.08, 0.3] | 0.063 | [− 0.08, 0.21] | − 0.022 | [− 0.31, 0.27] |
Country | ||||||||
Guatemala | 0.000 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Honduras | −0.294** | [−0.53, − 0.06] | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Nicaragua | 0.394*** | [0.21, 0.58] | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Observations | 2804 | 558 | 1348 | 898 |