Maternal-fetal bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic

Table 4 Multiple regression predicting maternal-fetal bonding based on mental health history, symptoms, psychosocial factors, and COVID-19-related worries

Total score
Blocks of variables entered in four steps	β	R²	ΔR²
1. Covariates		0.076	0.076***
Maternal age (years)	−0.051
Gestational age of fetus (weeks)	0.114**
Maternal race
(ref = White)
Black	0.048
Hispanic	0.082*
Asian	−0.060^†
Maternal education
(ref = less than college)
College	−0.193**
Masters	−0.238**
Doctorate	−0.217**
Maternal income
(ref = <$74,999)
$75,000-149,999	−0.068
$150,000-224,999	−0.057
≥$225,000	−0.122*
First pregnancy (ref = no)	0.169***
Pandemic duration	0.009
2. Mental Health History		0.077	0.003
Prior Depression Diagnosis (ref = no)	0.053
Prior Generalized Anxiety Diagnosis (ref = no)	−0.037
3. Mental Health Symptoms		0.14	0.064***
Depression	−0.297***
Generalized anxiety	0.140*
4. Psychosocial factors		0.164	0.028***
Life Events	0.011
Resilience (CD-RISC)	0.175***
Distress Tolerance (DTS)	0.031
5. COVID-19-Related Worries		0.185	0.024***
Health	0.160**
Pregnancy	0.063
Access to resources	−0.083^†

ISSN: 1471-2393