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Table 4 Intervention – use of the care bundle in different categories and the incidence of OASI

From: Which elements were significant in reducing obstetric anal sphincter injury? A prospective follow-up study

 

All 5 elements of care bundle present

Total / OASI

No. / no. (%)

Not all 5 elements of care bundle present

Total / OASI

No./ no. (%)

p-value

Parity

Nulliparous

3263 / 83 (2.5)

1121 / 59 (5.3)

Nulliparous: 0.001 **

Multiparous: 0.15

Combined: 0.046 *

Multiparous

3961 / 40 (1)

2038 / 13 (0.6)

Maternal age at birth a) (years)

– 19

41 / 0

10 / 0

Combined: 0.009**

Linear trend: 0.009**

20 – 24

787 / 10 (1.3)

292 / 6 (2.1)

25 – 29

2671 / 46 (1.7)

1086 / 32 (2.9)

30 – 34

2425 / 41 (1.7)

1127 /25 (2.2)

35 – 39

883 / 12 (1.4)

416 / 7 (1.7)

40 –

184 / 1

70 / 0

Sectio antea

No

3549 /21 (0.6)

1916 /6 (0.3)

No: 0.16

Yes: 0.61

Combined: 0.15

Yes

412 / 19 (4.6)

122 / 7 (5.7)

Gestational age (days)

<  266

570 / 1 (0.2)

229 / 1 (0.4)

Combined: 0.046*

Linear Trend: 0.046*

266 – 272

788 / 10 (1.3)

331 / 5 (1.5)

273 – 279

1498 / 23 (1.5)

674 / 16 (2.4)

280 – 286

2370 / 41 (1.7)

1118 / 25 (2.2)

≥ 287

1998 / 48 (2.4)

807 / 25 (3.1)

Dystocia treated with Oxytocin

No

6408 / 97 (1.5)

2945 / 62 (2.1)

No: 0.04 *

Yes: 0.29

Combined: 0.046*

Yes

816 / 26 (3.2)

214 / 10 (4.7)

Epidural a)

No

5475 / 82 (1.5)

2555 / 50 (2)

No: 0.001 **

Yes: 0.1

Combined: 0.001 **

Yes

1659 / 41 (2.5)

394 / 21 (5.3)

Mode of delivery

SVD

6706 / 83 (1.2)

2992 / 46 (1.5)

SVD: 0.13

OVD: 0.003 **

Combined: 0.046*

OVD

518 / 40 (7.7)

167 / 26 (15.6)

Episiotomy

No

7044 / 114 (1.6)

3086 / 67 (2.2)

No: 0.053

Yes: 0.56

Combined: 0.046*

Yes

180 / 9 (5)

73 / 5 (6.8)

Birth weight (grams)

– 2999

1061 / 18 (1.7)

489 / 5 (1)

Combined: 0.046*

Linear trend: 0.046*

3000 – 3499

2178 / 18 (0.8)

947 / 17 (1.8)

3500 – 3999

2539 / 54 (2.1)

1153 / 29 (2.5)

4000 –

1446 / 33 (2.3)

570 / 21 (3.7)

  1. Categorical variables analyzed separately and combined. Continuous variables analyzed combined and with linear trend. a) Information on age was missing in 391 cases, on epidural in 300 cases, and on birth position in 4988 cases; *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01. SVD spontaneous vaginal delivery, OVD operative vaginal delivery. Herning Hospital, Denmark, 2016-2019